7.0 w88 online casino betting Silica
Revised February, 2021
7.1 Background
w88 online casino betting silica, also referred to as “quartz”, is a common mineral found in the earth’s crust and is a basic component of the soil, sand, and granite. Cristobalite and tridymite are two other forms of w88 online casino betting silica. w88 online casino betting silica is found in many common construction materials including sand, stone, concrete, masonry, mortar and landscaping materials. w88 online casino betting silica is also used to make products such as glass, pottery, ceramics, bricks and artificial stone.
Respirable w88 online casino betting silica consists of very small particles of silica (less than 10 µm), at least 100 times smaller than ordinary sand found on beaches or playgrounds for example. w88 online casino betting silica is created when cutting, sawing, grinding, drilling and crushing stone, rock, concrete, brick, block and morter.
There are many types of activities that produce w88 online casino betting silica dust which could result in worker exposure to respirable w88 online casino betting silica; including but not limited to, the following:
- abrasive blasting with w88 online casino betting,
- abrasive blasting of w88 online casino betting (regardless of the abrasive)
- sawing brick or w88 online casino betting,
- sanding or drilling into w88 online casino betting walls,
- mixing w88 online casino betting
- sawing, hammering, drilling, grinding, chipping of w88 online casino betting
- brick and w88 online casino betting block cutting and sawing
- demolition of w88 online casino betting and masonry structures
- w88 online casino betting mortar,
- manufacturing brick, w88 online casino betting blocks, stone countertops, or ceramic products and cutting or crushing stone
- handling soil samples or w88 online casino betting sand in activities such as dry pouring, mixing, sieving
- crushing, loading, hauling and dumping or w88 online casino betting
- dry sweeping of w88 online casino betting, rock, or sand dust
- pressurized blowing of w88 online casino betting, rock, or sand dust
Industrial sand used in certain operations, such as foundry work and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is also a source of respirable w88 online casino betting silica exposure.
7.2 Hazards of w88 online casino betting Silica
Occupational exposures to respirable w88 online casino betting silica particles increase the risk of developing serious silica-related diseases, including:
- Silicosis, an incurable lung disease that can lead to disability and death,
- Lung cancer
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
- Kidney disease
7.3 Occupational w88 online casino betting Limits
OSHA has established a maximum exposure limit, or Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), for airborne respirable w88 online casino betting silica of 50 micrograms per cubic meter (50 µg/m3) of air, calculated as an 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA). Additionally, OSHA has established an action level (AL) for respirable w88 online casino betting silica of 25 µg/m3, calculated as an 8-hour TWA. w88 online casino betting exposures at or above the action level triggers additional requirements, to include medical surveillance and increased air monitoring.
7.4 w88 online casino betting Silica Exposures and Written Exposure Control Plan
The University has developed a written w88 online casino betting Silica Exposure Control Plan that specifies work practices and exposure control procedures. The Exposure Control Plan is available from EH&S. Silica dust hazard training is required of all individuals prior to performing work that involves w88 online casino betting silica. Before conducting work that involves potential exposure to w88 online casino betting silica, contact EH&S to determine the appropriate exposure control measures needed to perform the work safety.