Chapter 13: w88 live casino Waste
w88 live casino Waste
w88 live casino waste includes waste materials derived from cultures and stocks of infectious agents, human pathological wastes, contaminated animal carcasses and body parts, all sharps, human blood and body fluids, and chemotherapeutic waste.
w88 live casino Waste Regulations
Proper handling and disposal of w88 live casino waste is necessary to prevent infection of personnel (laboratory workers, custodians, laboratory visitors, etc.) and release to the environment. OSHA and Northern Nevada Public Health regulations require that w88 live casino waste be properly labeled, stored, and disposed. In some instances, improper disposal of w88 live casino waste has resulted in regulatory action and negative media attention. Thus, the handling and disposal of w88 live casino waste has important implications with regard to environmental health and safety, regulatory compliance, legal liability, and public opinion.
Northern Nevada Public Health (NNPH) is responsible for promulgation and enforcement of local w88 live casino waste regulations. w88 live casino waste regulations are available on the NNPH web site(go to “Solid Waste Management”, then Section 080).
The University of Nevada, Reno w88 live casino Waste Operational Plan
The NNPH w88 live casino waste regulations require the university to maintain a current operational plan that describes all aspects of w88 live casino waste management at University. For full details on w88 live casino waste management, consult the w88 casino games and manuals. The following information is a partial summary of the operational plan and is provided as a quick reference for w88 live casino personnel.
Labeling and Storage of w88 live casino Waste
Labeling
w88 live casino Containers
At a minimum, all w88 live casino waste must be labeled with the universal biohazard symbol (easily visible). Additional information such as the type of waste (such as “sharps”, or “liquid waste”) and origin of the waste is recommended as is appropriate.
w88 live casino Rooms
Rooms or areas used to store w88 live casino waste must be labeled with the following warning:
“CAUTION - INFECTIOUS w88 live casino STORAGE AREA - UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS KEEP OUT”; and in Spanish, “CUIDADO - ZONA DE RESIDUOS INFECTADOS - PROHIBIDA LA ENTRADA A PERSONAS NO AUTHORIZADAS”.
Laboratories where waste is accumulated during experimentation, and where w88 live casino waste is not stored, are not considered storage areas and do not have to be labeled as above.
w88 live casino
w88 live casino waste must be stored separated from other wastes. w88 live casino waste cannot be stored for more than seven days above a temperature of 0 °C. Waste can be stored up to 30 days if it is kept at or below 0 °C. Sharps can be stored for up to 30 days regardless of the storage temperature. The date that waste is first placed in storage must be clearly marked on the outside of each w88 live casino waste storage container or packaging.
These storage timelines apply to any area where w88 live casino waste is stored. Storage times do not apply during active accumulation of w88 live casino waste; however, waste containers that are full or obviously not being actively used to receive w88 live casino waste are considered to be in storage.
Laboratories must decontaminate and dispose of laboratory w88 live casino waste on a regular basis to avoid accumulation times that result in unsafe conditions or odor. Matching the w88 live casino waste container size to the waste generation rate will avoid an excessively long container fill time and will minimize the need to dispose of partially filled w88 live casino waste containers.
Handling and Disposal of w88 live casino Waste
w88 live casino
Sharps include all syringes, lancets, scalpels and other similar medical instruments (whether contaminated or not), as well as contaminated Pasteur pipettes, broken glass and other instruments or materials that w88 live casino cut or puncture personnel.
Sharps must be collected in rigid containers that are leak proof and resistant to puncture from the sharps. Sharps containers must be designed so that sharps can be safely introduced into the container but not easily retrieved (old coffee cans are not acceptable). Containers must be red in color and labeled with the universal biohazard symbol. When the sharps container is approximately 3/4 full, autoclave the container (if possible), secure the lid (tape securely), and submit a request for pickup by EH&S. Approximately once per month sharps are picked by a local w88 live casino contractor for treatment and disposal. Sharps containers are available from EH&S by request through the EH&S w88 live casino Management web site.
Contaminated w88 live casino glassware can be decontaminated by autoclaving or chemical disinfectant and then disposed of as uncontaminated w88 live casino glassware or broken glass (see below). Small pieces of broken glassware can be disposed of as sharps, or broken glassware can be decontaminated and disposed of as is other contaminated glassware.
Uncontaminated w88 live casino Glassware and Broken Glass
Collect uncontaminated laboratory glassware and broken glass in rigid containers (separate from other w88 live casino) that will prevent cuts and punctures to personnel. Containers should be labeled “broken glass.” Broken glass is to be disposed of as ordinary trash (to go to sanitary landfill).
Solid w88 live casino Waste
Solid w88 live casino waste includes microbial agents, tissue culture, and contaminated material (such as petri dishes, pipettes, gloves, towels, etc.). These materials must be collected in autoclavable biohazard bags that are labeled with the universal biohazard symbol (the bag or the symbol must be red or orange in color). w88 live casino waste w88 live casino be autoclaved prior to disposal and a visual steam sterilization indicator (such as w88 live casino strips or tape) must be included on every biohazard bag. After autoclaving, the w88 live casino is considered non-infectious and can be disposed of as ordinary trash; however, it is recommended that the autoclaved bag be placed inside an opaque bag prior to disposal. Autoclave bags are available from EH&S and can be requested through the EH&S w88 live casino Management web site.
Solid w88 live casino waste generators who do not have an autoclave available for decontamination can coordinate disposal of such waste directly through Waste Management (775-329-8822). w88 live casino waste generated on the main contiguous University campus can be transported to another campus building that has an autoclave suitable for treating the waste; however, autoclaving must be coordinated in advance with the person responsible for the autoclave used (see the w88 casino games and manuals for w88 live casino persons).
Solid w88 live casino waste that is stored, or that will be transported to another university building or off-campus location for autoclaving, must be double contained and labeled with the biohazard symbol.
Liquid w88 live casino Waste
Liquid w88 live casino waste includes all blood and liquid waste from humans or animals, and all other liquid w88 live casino waste (such as microbial cultures). Collect liquid waste in closeable, rigid plastic, leak proof containers labeled with the universal biohazard symbol.
Human and animal blood and body fluids can be disposed of by flushing directly to the sanitary sewer (wear laboratory coat, safety glasses and face shield, and gloves, and be careful to minimize splashing). All other liquid waste must be autoclaved or treated with a 1/10 dilution of commercial bleach (an approximate final concentration of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) with a minimum of 30 minutes residence time prior to disposal. Treatment of spore-forming pathogenic organisms requires that the 1/10 diluted bleach solution be adjusted to pH 7 prior to treatment. These specific conditions are the only chemical treatments currently allowed for treatment of liquid w88 live casino waste.
w88 live casino, Body Parts, and Tissue
Treatment w88 live casino animal carcasses, body parts, and tissues is coordinated by the Office of Animal Resources (OAR).
Non-infectious carcasses, body parts, and tissues are to be placed in an opaque plastic bag and the bag taped shut with duct tape. Store the bagged materials in a freezer or cold w88 live casino area until transport to the OAR facility.
Infectious carcasses are to be collected in an autoclavable plastic bag labeled with the biohazard symbol and taped shut. Secure limbs and sharp protrusions so they will not puncture the bag. Twist the open end of the bag, fold the end over and tape securely. These materials w88 live casino stored at -20 °C until transport to the OAR facility.
w88 live casino animal carcasses are picked up by a local contractor and transported to their facility for incineration.
Human Pathological w88 live casino
Pathological w88 live casino includes all recognizable human anatomical remains. Collect human pathological w88 live casino in a red, biohazard bag (or other appropriate, labeled container) and place inside a rigid container that can be sealed and which is labeled with the universal biohazard symbol. All human pathological w88 live casino will be sent off campus for cremation or interment. Coordinate disposal of human pathological w88 live casino through the Curator of the Gross Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (775-784-6169).
Autoclaving w88 live casino Waste
Autoclaving is an accepted procedure for decontamination of certain w88 live casino waste. Biological cultures and stocks, contaminated solid waste, liquid waste and small animal carcass waste can be sterilized through autoclaving. After sterilization in a steam autoclave, these materials are considered non-infectious. Except for animal carcasses, this bagged waste can then be disposed of as ordinary trash (to go to sanitary landfill); however, it is recommended that autoclave bags containing sterilized waste be placed in an opaque trash bag prior to disposal. Materials that contain hazardous chemicals or radioisotopes are not to be autoclaved (contact EH&S at 775-327-5040 for assistance).
Northern Nevada Public Health has promulgated regulations that cover the treatment and disposal of w88 live casino waste. Specific University procedures for management of w88 live casino waste are contained in the w88 casino games and manuals. The following information summarizes the procedures related to autoclaving w88 live casino waste; see the Operational Plan for more detailed information.
To ensure that w88 live casino waste is properly decontaminated during autoclaving, Northern Nevada Public Health regulations require that the following procedures be followed.
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Treatment of infectious waste must be conducted as specified in the University w88 live casino Waste Operational Plan. For treatment of microbial cultures and contaminated solid waste (e.g., gloves, absorbent pads, and pipette tips) a minimum time of 60 minutes at 121 C (250 F) and 15 psi is required. The total processing time required to decontaminate infectious waste depends on the specific loading factors (container type, water content, quantity, etc.) and in some cases a longer autoclave time may be required.
Note: Autoclave times of less than 60 minutes must be approved by the IBC. Such proposals must be submitted to the IBC in writing with justification for the shorter time period, and a written SOP that describes the material to be autoclaved, typical w88 live casino volume, w88 live casino container, autoclave time, and procedure and frequency of autoclave efficacy testing.
- Sterilization by autoclaving is accomplished through exposure and penetration of the contaminated material by superheated steam for an adequate amount of time. Because steam may not effectively penetrate a sealed plastic w88 live casino bag, bags containing dry loads must not be tightly sealed (rubber band closures will allow bags to “breath”) or adequate amounts of water must be added to the load. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for sterilizing materials inside sealed plastic w88 live casino bags.
- All autoclaved waste must include a visual steam sterilization indicator. If the visual indicator fails then w88 live casino waste is not considered to be sterilized and must be re-autoclaved.
w88 live casino Efficacy Testing
Autoclaves used to treat w88 live casino waste must be tested for sterilization efficacy at least once every three months using commercially available Geobacillus stearothermophilus w88 live casino ampoules, which contain a suspension of viable spores and are designed for this purpose.
- Place w88 live casino of G. stearothermophilus spores and in the center of an autoclave load (a representative nonbiohazardous w88 live casino load can be used as a surrogate).
- Process the w88 live casino under normal operating procedures.
- After the w88 live casino cycle is completed retrieve the spore ampoule and incubate it with a nonautoclaved control ampoule at the recommended growth temperature (as prescribed by the spore ampoule manufacturer’s directions).
- After completion of the incubation period, inspect the ampoules for growth as described in the manufacturer’s instructions. Lack of growth in the test ampoule indicates that the w88 live casino conditions were sufficient to inactivate the heat resistant spores, and thus provides good assurance that the w88 live casino conditions are sufficient to kill more heat sensitive microbial agents.
- If an autoclave fails an efficacy test, any waste that was autoclaved during the failed test is not considered to be sterilized and must be re-autoclaved. The failed autoclave cannot be used to treat w88 live casino waste until efficacy testing demonstrates adequate autoclave conditions are achieved.
In addition to quarterly efficacy testing requirements, the performance of autoclaves used to treat w88 live casino waste must be verified through efficacy testing at the following times:
- Prior to initial use to treat w88 live casino waste (whether unit is new, reconditioned, or pre-existing)
- Upon relocation of pre-existing, previously tested autoclaves
- After maintenance, repair, or calibration that has potential to negatively affect w88 live casino performance
w88 live casino Records
The following records must be maintained for each autoclave used to treat w88 live casino waste for a minimum of three years:
- Each autoclave cycle used to treat w88 live casino waste, to include:
- w88 live casino and operator name
- w88 live casino temperature and pressure
- general description of w88 live casino load, including w88 live casino containers (e.g., 2 small bags of solid w88 live casino)
- quantity of w88 live casino waste* (record number of containers by type or volume of liquid waste)
- w88 live casino run time
- results of visual indicators (e.g., heat sensitive tape) used to verify adequate w88 live casino conditions
- All w88 live casino maintenance, calibration, and repair
- All w88 live casino efficacy tests and results
Contact the BSO for a template of an example w88 live casino log sheet that includes fields for all required information.