Chapter 4: w88 online live casino Principles
w88 online live casino
Laboratory w88 online live casino practices are based on the principle of containment of biological agents to prevent exposure to laboratory workers and the outside environment. Primary containment protects the laboratory workers and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure to biological agents. Primary containment is achieved through good microbiological technique and the use of safety equipment and personal protective equipment. Secondary containment protects the environment outside the laboratory, and is provided by facility design and operational procedures.
w88 online live casino Practice and Technique
The use of good microbiological technique is the most important element of containment. Personnel working with biological agents must be aware of hazards, and must be trained to safely handle and dispose of these materials. Although we are all responsible for our own w88 online live casino, the Principal Investigator is responsible for ensuring that persons working in their laboratory are adequately trained.
This w88 online live casino Manual has been developed to provide general policies and procedures when working with biological agents at the University of Nevada, Reno. Each individual laboratory must supplement this manual with laboratory specific policies; procedures and training that will minimize the specific risks present in the laboratory.
w88 online live casino Equipment
w88 online live casino equipment includes biological w88 online live casino equipment, w88 online live casino centrifuge cups, and other engineered controls designed to minimize exposure to biological agents. Biological w88 online live casino cabinets (BSCs) are the most important w88 online live casino equipment for protection of personnel and the laboratory environment, and most BSCs also provide product protection. w88 online live casino equipment is most effective at minimizing exposure when workers are trained on the proper use of such equipment, and the equipment is regularly inspected and maintained.
Personal Protective w88 online live casino
Personal protective equipment includes w88 online live casino eyewear, lab coats, gloves, and other protective equipment, and is used to supplement the containment provided by laboratory practices and w88 online live casino equipment. Personal protective equipment is considered the least desirable containment method because its failure results in direct exposure of personnel to the biological agent.
w88 online live casino
Facility design features include physical separation of laboratories from public access, specially designed ventilation systems (to prevent airborne biological agents from migrating outside the w88 online live casino), and autoclaves. These design features protect personnel working outside the immediate w88 online live casino, as well the outside environment.
w88 online live casino Levels
The CDC/NIH has developed four w88 online live casino levels that describe laboratory practices and techniques, safety equipment, and facility design features recommended for work with specific infectious organisms. Descriptions of the w88 online live casino levels, as well as assigned w88 online live casino levels for specific organisms, are contained in the CDC/NIH document, w88 online live casino in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 6th Edition. The recommended w88 online live casino level for an organism represents conditions under which the agent can normally be handled safely; however, specific circumstances may dictate that the recommended conditions be raised or lowered. As outlined in the BMBL, the four w88 online live casino levels are summarized below:
| w88 online live casino Level | w88 online live casino | w88 online live casino | w88 online live casino Equipment | Facilities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not known to cause disease in healthy adults. | Standard Microbiological w88 online live casino | None required | Open bench top, sink required |
| 2 | Associated with human disease, hazard: auto-inoculation, ingestion, mucous membrane w88 online live casino | BSL-1 w88 online live casino:
|
w88 online live casino barriers: Class I or II BSCs or other containment used for manipulations of w88 online live casino that cause splashes or aerosols of infectious materials; PPE: lab coats; gloves; eye/face protection as needed |
BSL-1 plus: Autoclave available |
| 3 | Indigenous or exotic w88 online live casino with potential for aerosol transmission; disease may have serious or lethal consequences |
BSL-2 w88 online live casino:
|
w88 online live casino barriers: Class I or II BSCs or other physical containment devices used for all manipulations of w88 online live casino; PPE: protective lab clothing; gloves; respiratory protection as needed |
BSL-2 plus:
|
| 4 | Dangerous/exotic w88 online live casino which pose high risk of life-threatening disease, aerosol-transmitted lab infections; or related agent with unknown risk of transmission |
BSL-3 w88 online live casino plus:
|
w88 online live casino barriers: All w88 online live casino conducted in Class III BSCs or Class I or Class II BSCs in combination with full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure personnel suit |
BSL-3 plus:
|
Consult the BMBL for a more complete description of the four w88 online live casino levels, as well as recommended w88 online live casino levels for specific organisms.
In addition to the four w88 online live casino levels described above, there are also four w88 online live casino levels for work with infectious agents in vertebrate animals and plants. For a complete description of the animal and plant w88 online live casino levels, consult the BMBL.
Routes w88 online live casino
Skin and Mucous Membrane w88 online live casino
Low energy procedures such as decanting of liquids, pipetting, removal of screw caps, vortex mixing, streaking agar plates, and inoculation of animals, can result in the generation of infectious droplets, as well as result in direct contact with infectious material. Eye contact is also a route of exposure and w88 online live casino eyewear must be worn as needed to prevent sprays or splashes to the eyes.
w88 online live casino
Mouth pipetting presents the highest risk for ingestion of infectious material. Splashing of material into the mouth, and indirect oral w88 online live casino through touching the mouth with contaminated hands, and eating and drinking in the lab can also result in ingestion of infectious material.
Percutaneous w88 online live casino
Use of syringes and needles are considered the greatest risk of w88 online live casino through inoculation. Inoculation can also occur as a result of cuts and scratches from contaminated items, and animal bites.
Inhalation
Many w88 online live casino have the potential for generation of respirable aerosols, including: sonication, centrifugation, “blowing out” of pipettes, heating inoculating loops, and changing litter in animal cages.