w88 slot online-Forming Chemicals Policy

Policy

It is the policy of the University of Nevada, Reno to use, store, and dispose of w88 slot online-forming chemicals in a manner that will minimize risks to personnel, university facilities, and the environment.

Responsibility

Vice President for Research; Environmental Health and w88 slot online Department

Scope

This policy applies to all teaching and research laboratories, and w88 slot online stockrooms and storerooms maintained by University of Nevada, Reno.

Background

Ethers and many other organic chemicals can undergo autooxidation in the presence of oxygen and form peroxides during storage. The peroxides formed are sensitive to shock, heat, or friction to varying degrees. Additionally, alkali metals and their amides can form a w88 slot online or superoxide surface layer that is shock sensitive. If you possess any of the following chemicals, you must evaluate them and implement a continuous surveillance schedule as described in this document.

Potential w88 slot online-Forming Chemicals (not all inclusive)

w88 slot online A

w88 slot online B

w88 slot online C

These w88 slot online form peroxides which initiate rapid polymerization. Uninhibited w88 slot online are not to be stored longer than 24 hours.

Applicable Regulations

29 CFR 1910.1450, OSHA Standard, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous w88 slot online in Laboratories

Responsibilities

Deans, Department Chairs, and Directors

Ensure that all principal investigators and w88 slot online supervisors are aware of the responsibilities and procedures contained in this policy, provide administrative support, and ensure compliance.

Environmental Health and w88 slot online (EH&S)

Provide guidance and assistance in the evaluation and opening of outdated w88 slot online-forming chemicals (upon request), as well as guidance on safe storage, use, and disposal.

On a case-by-case basis, make the final determination as to whether containers of w88 slot online-forming chemicals are safe to open by University personnel.

Supply ear plugs and heavy gloves (work gloves) to laboratory personnel for use when opening outdated containers of w88 slot online-forming chemicals, and provide laboratory personnel assistance in locating a blast shield (all upon request).

Coordinate the disposal of high risk w88 slot online-forming chemicals by private contractor or other appropriate groups.

On a case-by-case basis, make the final determination as to whether a w88 slot online-forming chemical that contains between 30 ppm and 800 ppm peroxides can be diluted with a miscible waste chemical or chemical solvent to less than 30 ppm peroxides for disposal through EH&S.

Pick up from laboratories, and dispose of using standard chemical waste disposal procedures, w88 slot online-forming chemicals that are documented by testing to contain less than 30 ppm peroxides.

w88 slot online Principal Investigators and Supervisors

Ensure that w88 slot online personnel under their supervision are aware of the responsibilities and procedures contained in this policy, and that this policy is implemented as applicable.

Supply w88 slot online test strips or materials for other accepted (published) quantitative w88 slot online test methods.

Supply personal protective equipment specified in this document for opening and testing outdated w88 slot online-forming chemicals. EH&S will supply ear plugs and heavy work gloves upon request.

Supply blast shield (as needed) for personnel when opening outdated w88 slot online-forming chemicals. EH&S will provide assistance in locating a blast shield on campus that can be borrowed.

w88 slot online Personnel

Store, use, and test w88 slot online-forming chemicals as specified in this document.

w88 slot online

Evaluation of w88 slot online-Forming Chemicals

w88 slot online-forming liquid chemicals which have not been tested for peroxides within the listed time periods must be evaluated as follows:

1. w88 slot online

   Visually inspect all w88 slot online-forming chemicals before any further evaluation. Containers that exhibit any unusual visual characteristics, such as the examples listed below, should be assumed to contain dangerous levels of peroxides and should not be disturbed (notify EH&S). EH&S will assist in the evaluation of chemicals. If there is any doubt about the safety of handling a chemical container, notify EH&S immediately.

   Liquid w88 slot online:

   • Crystallization (around the cap or w88 slot online liquid)
   • Visible discoloration
   • w88 slot online stratification

   Note: A flashlight or other light source can be used to increase the visibility w88 slot online interior of amber bottles.

   Diethyl ether is commonly sold in steel containers which prevents visual inspection of the liquid. Therefore, diethyl ether containers whose age and use history are unknown should be assumed to contain dangerous levels of w88 slot online, and should not be disturbed.

   Solid w88 slot online (potassium metal, potassium and sodium amide):

   • Discoloration and/or formation of a surface crust (for w88 slot online, potassium metal forms a yellow or orange superoxide at the surface)

   Note: Evaluation of alkali metals and their amides is based on visual criteria only. These substances react strongly with water and oxygen, and standard w88 slot online tests should not be used.

   Materials meeting the above criteria are considered to be high risk and will have to be disposed of by special means (limit handling and movement; notify EH&S). Only w88 slot online which pass visual inspection should be evaluated further.

2. Opening w88 slot online

   Only w88 slot online that meet the following criteria should be opened and tested for peroxides. w88 slot online that do not meet one or more of these criteria should be considered to be high risk, and should not be disturbed (limit handling and movement; notify EH&S).

   • The identity of the w88 slot online is known.
   • The age of the w88 slot online (since manufacture) is known.
   • Evaporation of the chemical is thought to be less than 10% - if this is in question, assume that evaporation has occurred and that high w88 slot online levels may be present.

   Note: Never try to force open a rusted or stuck cap on a container of a w88 slot online-forming chemical.

   Additionally, the following classification-specific criteria w88 slot online met:

   List A w88 slot online

   • Previously opened w88 slot online not used in the preceding 3 months must be less than 6 months old.
   • w88 slot online unopened from the manufacturer must be less than 2 years old.
     • If this is in question, assume the w88 slot online has been opened.

   List B and List C (liquids) w88 slot online

   • Opened w88 slot online not used in the preceding 12 months must be less than 5 years old.
   • w88 slot online unopened from the manufacturer must be less than 10 years old.
     • If this is in question, assume the w88 slot online has been opened.

   w88 slot online not meeting the minimum criteria for opening and testing will be considered to be high risk and must be disposed of by special means (limit handling and movement; notify EH&S). If after opening the container, visual irregularities such as those listed in section 1. are apparent, assume that dangerous levels of peroxides are present. Gently cover the container to minimize evaporation, limit handling and movement, and notify EH&S as soon as possible.

   w88 slot online Precautions:

   Personnel handling containers of outdated w88 slot online-forming chemicals must wear chemical goggles and a face shield, heavy gloves, and a buttoned lab coat. Hearing protection (plugs or muffs) and a rubber apron are also recommended. Suspect chemical containers must be transferred, one at a time, to a clean (no other chemicals) lab hood. A blast shield must be used when opening or manipulating containers, and testing w88 slot online levels. Never attempt to force open a stuck cap on a container. Secondary containment for the chemical should also be utilized if practical. Tongs or other forms of remote handling should be used as much as practical. Verify that an operable safety shower/eyewash and fire extinguisher is readily accessible. At least one other person not directly involved in handling of the chemicals should be present.

3. w88 slot online Testing

   For chemicals that have been determined to be safe to open, measure the w88 slot online concentration using commercial w88 slot online test strips. Wet chemical detection methods are also available; however, the test strips are gentler, easier, faster, and have greater sensitivity and accuracy, and therefore are recommended for most applications. Laboratory personnel are responsible for performing w88 slot online testing of chemicals present in their laboratories or storage areas.

   • EM Quant w88 slot online test strips manufactured by EM Science (E. Merck) are available from many suppliers (such as Fisher Scientific, Lab Safety and VWR).
     • Chemicals that contain w88 slot online levels that exceed the test strip detection range may be diluted with a miscible, w88 slot online-free, solvent.
4. Dispose of w88 slot online or decontaminate peroxides

   Chemicals with a w88 slot online concentration of less than 30 ppm can be disposed of through EH&S. Laboratory personnel are responsible for decontaminating chemicals that contain greater than 30 ppm peroxides prior to disposal.

   • Chemicals with a w88 slot online concentration greater than 800 ppm are considered high risk, and require disposal by special means (limit handling and movement; notify EH&S).
   • Chemicals with a w88 slot online concentration greater than 100 ppm must be disposed of, or if the w88 slot online level in a specific container of a chemical on list B is less than 800 ppm, that chemical can be decontaminated and maintained for future use upon the approval of the responsible principal investigator or laboratory supervisor.
     • Peroxides can be removed by w88 slot online methods or column separation (1, 2).
   • Chemicals with a w88 slot online concentration less than 800 ppm must be decontaminated to reduce the w88 slot online concentration to less than 30 ppm before disposal (verify treatment with testing). Notify EH&S of treatment and subsequent w88 slot online concentration when submitting request for waste removal.

   Preparation of w88 slot online Formers for Disposal:

   Water-insoluble w88 slot online formers (ethers, hydrocarbons, etc.) can be decontaminated by shaking with a concentrated ferrous salt solution (5). A solution of 6 g of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4  7H2O), 6 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 11 ml of water is mixed with 1 L of the w88 slot online former until the w88 slot online concentration is reduced to below 30 ppm. Reduction of the peroxides generally takes only a few minutes. Re-test the w88 slot online former after decontamination to verify that the w88 slot online concentration is less than 30 ppm. Dispose of the decontaminated w88 slot online former as soon as possible through EH&S (report final w88 slot online concentration). An alumina column is used as the standard procedure to decontaminate water-soluble w88 slot online formers (1, 2). Contact EH&S for guidance on decontamination of these chemicals. In some instances it may be permissible to dilute the w88 slot online concentration to below 30 ppm by mixing the w88 slot online former with a chemically compatible chemical waste stream or chemical solvent. Contact EH&S prior to diluting any w88 slot online former in preparation for disposal. After diluting the w88 slot online former, verify that the w88 slot online concentration of the resulting mixture is less than 30 ppm, and then dispose of the waste mixture through EH&S (report final w88 slot online concentration).

5. Safe Storage and Use of w88 slot online-Forming Chemicals

   Maintenance of w88 slot online-forming chemicals requires implementation of the following procedures:

   1. Identify potential w88 slot online-forming chemicals (see list on page 1). Prudent practice dictates that laboratories minimize their inventory of w88 slot online-forming chemicals.
   2. Label each w88 slot online with the date it is received and the date it is opened.
   3. Store w88 slot online-forming chemicals in tightly sealed containers to minimize introduction of air. An inert gas such as nitrogen or argon can be introduced into the container as an inert blanket to minimize available oxygen (inhibited vinyl monomers, List C chemicals, are the exception to this recommendation).
   4. Ultraviolet light can initiate autooxidation; therefore, it is best to store w88 slot online-forming chemicals in containers that exclude light.
   5. Test for peroxides at least as often as recommended in the example lists. Unopened chemicals from the manufacturer must be tested upon reaching the manufacturer’s expiration date, or 18 months, whichever comes first. Chemicals with a w88 slot online concentration of greater than 100 ppm must be decontaminated or disposed of through EH&S after treatment to reduce peroxides to less than 30 ppm.
   6. Inspect containers of w88 slot online-forming chemicals frequently, looking for signs of precipitation, stratification of liquid, crystal formation, or other irregularities. The presence of any of these signs indicates a potential shock sensitive container – do not move the container and contact EH&S as soon as possible.
   7. Test for peroxides prior to distilling w88 slot online-forming chemicals (or prior to other concentration procedures), as this is when explosions commonly occur. It is recommended that 10 to 20% residual bottoms be left during distillation. Additionally, a non-volatile organic liquid, such as mineral oil, can be added to minimize concentration of any peroxides.
   8. Chemical manufacturers often add trace quantities of free radical scavengers (for example, 100 ppm hydroquinone) to inhibit the formation of peroxides. These inhibitors become depleted as peroxides are formed. Additionally, distillation separates the inhibitor from the w88 slot online-forming chemical. Distilled chemicals and chemicals retained for extended periods should be checked for inhibitor concentration, and inhibitor added if the concentration is below the manufacturer’s specifications (contact the manufacturer for recommendations).

References

1. Kelly, R. J. Chem. w88 slot online. 1996, 3(5), 28-36
2. Jackson, H. L.; McCormack, W. B.; Rondestvedt, C. S.; Smeltz, K. C.; Viele, I. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47(3), A175-88
3. Clark, D. E. Chem. w88 slot online. 2001, 8(5), 12-21
4. National w88 slot online Council, Recognition and Handling of Peroxidizable Compounds, 1987, Data Sheet I-655-Rev. 87
5. National Research Council, Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of w88 slot online; National Academy Press: Washington, D. C., 1995; pp. 162-163.

Copies of references are available w88 slot online EH&S.

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