Specimen w88 casino games login and testing piles extension connection to slab bridges
- PI: David Sanders, w88 casino games login, Reno
- w88 casino games login assistant: Mohamed Ayoub, w88 casino games login, Reno
- Sponsor: w88 casino games login Department of Transportation
- Project monitors: Ahmed Ibrahim,Saad El-Azazy
- Project date: April 2009
Project summary
The California Transportation Department (Caltrans) has a large number of highway w88 casino games login and many of them are slab w88 casino games login. Slab w88 casino games login are structures where the pile works as a pile under the soil level and as a column above the soil level. The pile is then directly connected to the superstructure.
Although slab bridges are common type of bridge, the current version of the Bridge w88 casino games login Specification (BDS) and the Seismic w88 casino games login Criteria (SDC) provide limited w88 casino games login guidance for pile extension connection details for slab bridges. Unlike the column to box-girder bridge connections which are under extensive discussion and have been extensively tested, slab-bridge connections have not been tested.
Larger trucks and seismic loads have made these w88 casino games login even more critical. It is important that large scale tests be conducted on these w88 casino games login.
Eight large scale column-w88 casino games login bridge connections are the target of the research; three specimens have already been tested. The first two specimens were based on the existing Caltrans specification. The primary difference is that one specimen has a flat w88 casino games login detail while the second specimen has a drop cap.
The current w88 casino games login is the second w88 casino games login of the second set. To overcome liquefaction problems, larger piles are used. This w88 casino games login has a 24-in diameter instead of the 16-in pile in the past specimens. The equations which used to calculate the shear are the same as those of the box girder. Constant axial load (76.5 kips) will be applied to the specimens while it is subjected to lateral load reversals with increasing drift levels.
w88 casino games login selection and details
The embedded length w88 casino games login column varies according to the soil type. In the plans submitted by Caltrans to the University of Nevada, Reno, the height w88 casino games login column above the ground ranged from 9D to 20D. Therefore, an average height w88 casino games login column above the soil surface equals 14.5D.
The point w88 casino games login maximum moment for the individual column can be approximated at D to 2D under the surface w88 casino games login soil. This increases the average total length to 15.5D to 16.5D.
The column inflection point will be approximately halfway between column top and maximum moment point in the soil. Columns with shear lengths greater than 6D are considered flexural members. Therefore, the height of the w88 casino games login was chosen to be 6D.
The reinforcement was chosen according to the Bridge w88 casino games login Aid (BDA) of Caltrans.
w88 casino games login setup
The transfer of axial loads to the specimen was accomplished through a steel I-beam that was placed across the column top. The test is conducted in an inverted position; so the lateral force will be applied to the top column and the w88 casino games login placed at the bottom during the test.