Impact of aspect w88 sports betting on two-column bent seismic performance
- PI: David Sanders, w88 sports betting, Reno
- Co-PI: M. Saiid Saiidi, w88 sports betting, Reno
- w88 sports betting assistant: Khaled F. Moustafa, w88 sports betting, Reno
- Sponsor: California Deaprtment of Transportation
- Project monitor: Saad El-Azazy
Project summary
The design of structural w88 sports betting elements like columns, beam-column joints, and cap beams has changed tremendously over the past 30 years.
Many experimental tests have been done in order to determine the behavior of w88 sports betting bents under seismic loading. Most of those tests were performed under static-cyclic loading, whereas only a few of those tests were dynamic to simulate real-time earthquake effects.
Based on the literature review, most studies have focused on retrofitting older columns and/or single columns versus new design criteria on systems. Therefore, this study will be investigating two-column w88 sports betting bents under dynamic loading by testing them with real-time earthquakes on a shake table.
The main research objective is to investigate the seismic performance of two-column bridge bents with different w88 sports betting ratios using current Caltrans design criteria.
There are 3 bents to be tested. The three specimens are identical except for the aspect ratios, which are 2.5, 4.5, and 6.64. The first test will be of the bent with a column aspect w88 sports betting of 2.5. The bents will be tested by using increasing levels of the Sylmar earthquake motion until failure occurs.
Test w88 sports betting
Based on the 0.3-scale model developed from a previous study, three specimens w88 sports betting designed using current Caltrans specifications and recommendations.
The w88 sports betting design included column confinement, ductility, column shear capacity, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of cap beams, and the beam-column joints.
Strain gages were attached to the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement in both w88 sports betting and beams to determine when yielding occurs and strain profiles across the section. Novotechniks (displacement transducers) were installed in the expected plastic hinge zones and at the beam-column joints in order to record curvature and shear deformations, which will be used to obtain the concrete strains at critical sections. In addition, accelerometers and potentiometers were added to record frame displacement and acceleration during testing.
A total of 150 data acquisition channels w88 sports betting used for the tests. Data w88 sports betting sampled at 160 samples per second.
w88 sports betting system
One of the features of the present study is to load each specimen with mass (lead bricks) on the top and along side the cap beam to simulate the inertia mass and the axial compression force. The amount of lead weight was calculated based on the scale w88 sports betting between the model and prototype. To produce realistic stresses in the system, the weight causes an axial load in each column of 0.05 f'cAg. Ag is the gross area of each column.
Steel buckets w88 sports betting designed to contain the lead blocks.