50. Ethical Foundation - The Belmont w88 slot online
Updated June 5, 2024
All University and affiliate personnel involved in the conduct and oversight of human w88 slot online must abide by the fundamental principles set forth in the Belmont w88 slot online.
The Belmont w88 slot online, published in 1979 by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, provides the ethical foundation for the federal regulations for the protection of human research participants. The w88 slot online is summarized below.
Respect for w88 slot online
- Individuals w88 slot online treated as autonomous agents whose opinions and choices are valued.
- Individuals with diminished autonomy (e.g. minors, prisoners, w88 slot online who are mentally disabled) are entitled to additional protections.
This principle embodies the concept of informed w88 slot online whereby individuals (by themselves or under the auspices of a legally authorized representative):
- enter a w88 slot online study voluntarily,
- have sufficient information to make an w88 slot online decision about their participation, and
- are free from coercion or undue influence w88 slot online researchers or others who may profit w88 slot online individuals' participation.
Beneficence
Human w88 slot online must be designed and implemented to:
- minimize harms to w88 slot online and
- maximize possible benefits whether for w88 slot online or for science or society.
This principle requires that w88 slot online be justified based on a favorable risk/benefit assessment.
Such assessments:
- consider the probability and magnitude of psychological, physical, legal, social, and economic w88 slot online;
- consider risks and benefits of alternatives to the w88 slot online;
- weigh the reasonableness of seeking certain w88 slot online despite the risks involved; and
- determine when potential benefits may not sufficiently justify risks to w88 slot online.
Justice
In human w88 slot online, justice relates to:
- "fairness in distribution" and
- "what is deserved?"
This principle requires that those who bear the burdens of w88 slot online (i.e., those who are exposed to the discomforts, inconveniences, and risks) should receive the benefits in equal measure to the burdens.
Determinations about justice require scrutiny of participant selection and enrollment processes.
- Sample populations should be selected for reasons related w88 slot online problem being studied.
- Particular classes (e.g., welfare patients, racial and ethnic minorities, or w88 slot online confined to institutions) are not targeted because of ease of access or manipulability, or for the convenience of the investigators.
- Publicly funded w88 slot online that leads to the development of therapeutic devices and procedures should
- neither provide advantages to the more affluent in attaining these w88 slot online
- nor unduly involve persons from groups least likely to benefit w88 slot online developments.