420. Disclosing Findings to w88 online sports betting

Updated June 7, 2024

Research w88 online sports betting that may affect management of a study participant's health, safety, or welfare require careful consideration of the risks and benefits of disclosing these w88 online sports betting and if warranted, a disclosure plan.

Researchers may or may not opt to disclose findings that may simply be of interest to w88 online sports betting.

NOTE: The following considerations and recommendations are limited to information specifically derived from w88 online sports betting aspects of a study and are not intended to limit an investigator in providing information appropriate to their dual role as a w88 online sports betting investigator and treating clinician.

Assessing the Need to Share Study Findings with w88 online sports betting

Multiple variables must be considered by investigators and the IRB in assessing the appropriateness of sharing study findings with w88 online sports betting.

Researchers and IRBs must consider benefits and risks related to disclosure of research findings to w88 online sports betting. Learning about research findings may:

• lead w88 online sports betting to obtain lifesaving medical interventions, or help w88 online sports betting make informed medical decisions; or
• lead to further testing, additional incidental w88 online sports betting, costs, anxiety, or distress, potentially with no corresponding medical benefit.

The IRB will consider possible consequences to the health, safety or welfare of w88 online sports betting; and whether the participant was aware the research was being performed. As with all aspects of a research project, the prospective benefits of disclosure must outweigh the risks.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations associated with the sharing of study findings with w88 online sports betting include those set forth in the Belmont Report including a responsibility to:

• maximize benefits and minimize harms;
• incorporate an intent for reciprocity and justice related to w88 online sports betting' involvement in the research (i.e., consider the potential for w88 online sports betting to benefit from the research);
• treat individuals as autonomous agents by providing w88 online sports betting with information about themselves (as warranted by research design);
• respect self-determination as it relates to w88 online sports betting' needs for information relevant to their health and well-being;
• assess whether a decision to share study w88 online sports betting with a participant may breach their trust of the investigator or the research process.

w88 online sports betting-Related Factors for Consideration

Researchers and the w88 online sports betting must consider the conditions of the research in assessing the appropriateness of disclosing findings to w88 online sports betting, such as:

• the potential usefulness of the information to be disclosed (e.g., clinical significance of w88 online sports betting);
• the extent to which the testing procedures are reliable and valid;
• the extent to which w88 online sports betting are conclusive or investigational;
• the qualifications of the individual who w88 online sports betting administer the test;
• the qualifications of the individual who will interpret the w88 online sports betting significance of the test;
• the identification and qualifications of the individual who will disclose the findings to w88 online sports betting;
• risks of inadvertent w88 online sports betting (i.e., false positives or negatives); and
• professional and ethical responsibilities.

Whenever possible, information about clinically meaningful w88 online sports betting should be delivered by a licensed physician (or psychologist, genetic counselor, or other professional as appropriate) or other qualified individual.

w88 online sports betting-Related Factors for Consideration

In deciding whether to disclose findings to w88 online sports betting, researchers and the IRB must consider the characteristics w88 online sports betting sample population including:

• the possibility psychological or other harms may result from learning of the w88 online sports betting;
• the risk of harm if the w88 online sports betting are left undisclosed or the condition is left untreated;
• individual preferences about being informed of clinically significant w88 online sports betting; and
• referral processes or other resources for w88 online sports betting once the information is known.

Primary w88 online sports betting

Research projects may include a standard plan in which the investigator offers to share individual results with each participant, or to share a summary of findings with all w88 online sports betting or those who express an interest in receiving a summary. In either case, the investigators must ensure that plans for disclosing this information:

• are communicated to w88 online sports betting during the consent process;
• are described in the w88 online sports betting plan; and
• protect both w88 online sports betting privacy and data confidentiality.

Secondary and Incidental w88 online sports betting

Secondary w88 online sports betting are those w88 online sports betting purposely seek to discover in addition to the primary focus of the w88 online sports betting. Incidental w88 online sports betting are those which are discovered unintentionally.

Investigators and the IRB should anticipate whether secondary or incidental findings may be of clinical significance to w88 online sports betting. The decision of whether to inform w88 online sports betting of these findings and the plan for doing should be considered by the investigator and presented in the IRB application.

Plans for Disclosing Secondary or Incidental Findings to w88 online sports betting

Secondary and Anticipated Incidental w88 online sports betting

w88 online sports betting should develop a plan for managing secondary and anticipated incidental findings, and clearly communicate the plan to the IRB and to w88 online sports betting during the informed consent process-even if the plan is not to disclose any secondary or incidental findings. The information provided should be sufficient to allow individuals to choose not to participate in research if they are uncomfortable with the management plan.

Unexpected Incidental w88 online sports betting

Additionally, w88 online sports betting should use their professional judgment and experience to consider and plan for unexpected incidental findings (i.e., study findings that emerge during the course of the research which not anticipated either in nature, or in magnitude or frequency of occurrence). Researchers may decide to disclose unanticipated, clinically significant findings, but will not inform w88 online sports betting of unexpected, incidental findings of unknown significance. Requests to share unanticipated study findings with w88 online sports betting must be reviewed and approved by the IRB prior to communicating the results, unless such disclosure is necessary to protect the health and welfare of w88 online sports betting or others.

Plans to share study w88 online sports betting should describe:

• the parameters for disclosure of w88 online sports betting results (e.g., certain responses on a depression inventory; clear presence of a dark shadow image on x-ray, CAT or MRI scan);
• the w88 online sports betting that will be disclosed;
• the time frame for reviewing w88 online sports betting data to determine whether clinically meaningful information has been obtained;
• implications of the w88 online sports betting for a participant's (or family members') well-being;
• risks of disclosure w88 online sports betting test result (e.g., anxiety, or impact on insurability, employability or reputation);
• recommendations for follow-up confirmation and w88 online sports betting assessment or intervention; and
• how and when the communication w88 online sports betting occur.

The consent process should indicate whether w88 online sports betting will be offered an opportunity to opt out of receiving such information.

When applicable, w88 online sports betting should be told what study results would require prompt intervention by the investigators (e.g., participant is at imminent risk of suicide).

Investigational or Inconclusive w88 online sports betting

When the methods used to produce the results are considered investigational (e.g., the test itself is experimental) or when the results may not be clinically meaningful or supported (e.g., a laboratory test performed by a laboratory that is not CLIA-certified, brain scan reviewed by a non-clinician) the IRB will typically request that any communication to w88 online sports betting be accompanied by a referral for follow-up involving standard-of-care testing and interpretation of results by a qualified professional.

Mandated w88 online sports betting

When research results are associated with mandatory reporting requirements, the consent form must inform w88 online sports betting about:

• the w88 online sports betting that will be reported; and
• when, how, and to whom the reporting w88 online sports betting occur.

Planning for w88 online sports betting Opt-Out

Researchers must decide in advance how to respect the wishes of w88 online sports betting who choose to opt out of receiving individualized test results.

The voluntary nature of research requires researchers to allow w88 online sports betting to opt out of research activities. However, when these results may be clinically significant, researchers may feel an ethical responsibility to share this information with w88 online sports betting. The PI should consult with each participant to ensure their understanding that the opt-out provision means they will be given no information about secondary or incidental findings.

Although the w88 online sports betting will generally favor not sharing study results with a participant when they have expressed a preference to not receive a result, extenuating circumstances in which a study result holds a significant clinical impact warrant further consideration by the investigator and the w88 online sports betting.

IRB Review of Plans for Disclosing Findings to w88 online sports betting

When researchers plan to communicate findings to study w88 online sports betting, the plan for disclosing results should be described in the IRB application for IRB review and approval.

The IRB must determine whether sharing study w88 online sports betting is warranted and if warranted, the IRB must confirm the plan for sharing w88 online sports betting complies with applicable regulatory requirements, state and federal laws, University policies, and ethical considerations.

The IRB will generally approve disclosure of clinically significant research findings to w88 online sports betting if:

• the w88 online sports betting test or evaluation represents standard-of-care (i.e., is NOT experimental);
• the test or evaluation is administered/interpreted by qualified, appropriately credentialed clinician (e.g., physician, psychologist, genetic counselor) in a manner that is consistent with good w88 online sports betting practice;
• the results suggest a participant or others may be at risk of harm that has the potential to be ameliorated through w88 online sports betting intervention; and
• the potential benefits to individual w88 online sports betting outweigh risks of disclosure.

When the potential need to share study findings with a research participant arises unexpectedly, the PI should submit a protocol amendment describing the reason and plan for communicating research results to individual w88 online sports betting. If results suggest w88 online sports betting or others may be at immediate risk of harm, the PI may take immediate steps to ameliorate the harm and inform the IRB of the harm and preventative actions.

Contacting w88 online sports betting about Research Findings

When tests or measures may generate findings requiring disclosure to study w88 online sports betting, PIs should retain a link to participant contact information until the outcome of the research test is known. After disclosure, the contact information should be destroyed, unless required for subsequent research-related activities (e.g., long-term follow-up).

When contact information will be retained and linked to study results, w88 online sports betting must tell a mechanism exists to link their contact information with test results and must be informed of:

• the circumstances under which the link w88 online sports betting be used to contact them, and
• when the link w88 online sports betting be destroyed.

Disclosure When w88 online sports betting Are Anonymous or De-Identified

When data are collected without or immediately stripped of participant identifiers, w88 online sports betting should be told that if the research generates clinically meaningful results the investigators will have no way of associating study findings with individual w88 online sports betting. In some situations, it may be prudent to provide referral information to all w88 online sports betting (e.g., research to assess prevalence of depression includes crisis call line information).

Disclosure of w88 online sports betting for Research Involving a Waiver of the Informed Consent Process

Researchers and the w88 online sports betting must weigh the risks of nondisclosure of study results when assessing the criterion to waive the requirements for informed consent.