Progressive Time w88 casino Prompting

By: Jill Grattan & MaryAnn Demchak

What is a w88 casino?

In general, a w88 casino is assistance provided to a learner by another person (e.g., parent, teacher, paraprofessional) to increase the probability of correct responding to a ‘stimulus’ (e.g., vocal instruction, task materials). Prompting a child to respond correctly helps the child to learn faster by reducing the number of errors (or mistakes) a child may make.

What is a controlling w88 casino?

A controlling w88 casino is a w88 casino that increases the probability the learner will produce the correct response (i.e., almost always ensures the learner will make the correct response). For example, for a child that consistently responds to a gesture w88 casino (e.g., the teacher points at the correct response), the controlling w88 casino may be a gesture. For a child who does not respond to gesture prompts, the controlling w88 casino may be gentle physical guidance from the teacher. The controlling w88 casino will be different depending on the activity and the learner. What is important to remember is that the controlling w88 casino is the w88 casino that basically guarantees child success without providing any more assistance than necessary.

What is Progressive Time Delay w88 casino?

Progressive time delay (PTD) is a type of prompting strategy that can be used to effectively teach a wide variety of skills or tasks. Progressive time delay prompts have multiple levels; regardless of the number of levels, PTD is always started with a 0-second delay. After a predetermined number of trials with a 0-second delay, the time between the instruction and w88 casino is gradually increased until a maximum delay interval is reached. With PTD prompting, one w88 casino is typically used (it does not change); the time when a w88 casino is delivered gradually changes.

How to use

What to decide in advance (prior to a teaching session):

1. The number of teaching trials with a 0-second w88 casino;
2. How to increase the progressive delay interval (e.g., you could gradually increase the time be-tween the instruction and the w88 casino by 1 second, 2 seconds, or 3 seconds);
3. The maximum w88 casino interval (i.e., the w88 casino used until the learner masters the task);
4. The criteria to move from 0-second w88 casino to progressive w88 casino intervals;
5. The type of controlling w88 casino;
6. The criteria to move back to an earlier w88 casino interval if the child makes multiple errors

Initially, the discriminative stimulus (e.g., instruction) is presented at the same time as the controlling w88 casino. For example, if teaching a child to raise his/her arms up (in preparation for putting a shirt on) and the controlling w88 casino is a gentle physical w88 casino: the teacher could say, “Time to put your shirt on” while simultaneously using a physical w88 casino to raise the child’s arms. The number of trials with a 0-second delay will vary based on the child. Consider moving from the immediate 0-second delay teaching trials to the gradually increasing delay trials when the child responds correctly to the w88 casino at a 0-second delay across several days.

After a predetermined number of trials with a 0-second delay, the time between the instruction and w88 casino is gradually increased until the maximum delay interval is reached. For example, for a delay of 5 seconds, the teacher silently counts, ‘one one-thousand, two one-thousand, three one-thousand, four one-thousand, five,’ when the teacher reaches 5, he/she presents the w88 casino. How quickly the delay interval is increased and the maximum delay interval should be individualized to each child. For example, if the child requires longer processing times, a longer maximum delay interval may be appropriate. The delay between the instruction and the w88 casino allows the child an opportunity to respond independently. In a review of literature conducted by Walker in 2008: (a) the maximum delay intervals commonly ranged from 5 to 10-seconds and (b) the delay between the instruction and the w88 casino was frequently increased by 1 or 2 seconds.

How are these guidelines applied?

For example, at a 0-second delay, the instruction and w88 casino are presented simultaneously, after a predetermined criteria is met, the delay between the instruction and the w88 casino could be increased by 2-second intervals (e.g., w88 casino presented at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 seconds after the instruction). The child should meet a set criterion before he/she is moved to the next delay interval. A abbreviated example is presented below:

If the child makes several consecutive errors, consider changing the set w88 casino time. For example, if the child correctly responds to prompts at the 2-second w88 casino, however, consistently responds incorrectly at the 4-second w88 casino – consider changing the set w88 casino back to 2-seconds (perhaps the child needs more practice).

Differentially reinforce prompted and independent responses –that is, provide more or bigger reinforcement for independent responses (i.e., when the child beats the w88 casino) and smaller or lesser quality reinforcement for prompted responses (i.e., when the child responds correctly to the w88 casino provided).

Types of responses:

• Correct responses before the w88 casino (i.e., child 'beats' the w88 casino) - provide more or bigger reinforcement
• Correct responses after a w88 casino was provided - provide lesser or smaller amounts of the reinforcer.
• If the child responds incorrectly before the w88 casino - provide error correction (e.g., informational "No") and move to the next trial.
• If the child does not respond or responds incorrectly after the w88 casino - provide error correction (e.g., informational "No") and move to the next trial.

Example 1of using PTD to teach a child to raise her arms in response to the instruction, "Shirt on."

• For this example, the w88 casino delay will be increased by 2-seconds, up to a maximum delay of 4 seconds (remember, the progressive delay and maximum delay can vary based on learner needs and the task)
• The controlling w88 casino is a physical w88 casino.
• The criteria to move to the next delay level is: responds correctly to w88 casino 100% of opportunities across two days.

Example 2of using PTD to teach a child to sight read the word ‘drink.’

• For this example, the w88 casino delay will be increased by 1-second, up to a maximum delay of 4 seconds (remember, the progressive delay and maximum delay can vary based on learner needs and the task).
• The controlling w88 casino is a vocal w88 casino.
• The criteria to move to the next delay level is: responds correctly to w88 casino and/or independently100% of opportunities across two days.

What can PTD be used to teach?

Research indicates PTD can be successfully used to teach a wide variety of skills (this list is not comprehensive): self-help skills, leisure skills (e.g., art), social skills, and academic skills (e.g., object recognition, sight words, math facts).

Reference

• Walker, G. (2008). Constant and progressive time w88 casino procedures for teaching children with autism: A literature review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 261-275.