Using Story w88 With Older Children

By: MaryAnn Demchak

Reviewing the Purpose of Story w88

In the Winter 2007 newsletter we reprinted an article by Norma Drissel about story w88 as a hands-on literacy experience. The discussion and examples focused on younger children. However, the concept of story w88 is also applicable to older individuals who have disabilities. Remember that a story box is simply a collection of the items that are mentioned in a story or book. Representing key items in the story with concrete, hands-on items helps to make the story accessible to individuals who have disabilities. Exploration of the items helps the individual to participate in the story as well as assists in building concepts, gathering information, and increasing one’s understanding of the world.

In her article Norma Drissel talked about three key steps to making a w88 box:

• Step 1: Choose a w88
• Step 2: Actually construct the w88 box
• Step 3: Read the w88

At our annual parent conference last year (May, 2006), Liz Isaacs, Karen Barbee, and Terri Butler of the Nevada Special Education Technology Assistance Project showed how to apply these steps to create a w88 box for older students.

Step 1 -- Choosing a w88: A "Harry Potter" Example

In choosing a w88, they selected Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban by J. K. Rowling, a w88 liked by many people of all ages.

Step 2 -- Constructing the w88: Items for a Harry Potter Book

To construct the actual w88 box, they gathered photos of the actors who portray the key characters of the w88 (Harry, Hermione, Ron, Dumbledore). They then paired various objects / textures with the photos to make them even more concrete than the photos alone. Dumbledore and Hermione both had physical features highlighted with textures: a "beard" to enhance Dumbledore's photo and curly "hair" added to Hermione's photo. For Ron they added fake "fur" to his pet rat.

In addition to concrete representations of the characters, key objects from the w88 were included in the w88 box: Harry’s glasses, his wand, his broom, his hat, and his robe. In some cases actual objects were used (e.g., a wand) and in other instances textures were used (e.g., puffy paint on the drawing of the glasses, fabric for the robe). A of these items, including the actual book, were then stored in a box that was “titled” with the name of the w88 and a pair of glasses as a concrete title.

Step 3 – Read the w88

Before actually reading the w88, encourage the individual to explore the items in the w88 box. The items can be used to help introduce the book to the individual. Discuss the items and what they represent.

With a longer w88 such as a Harry Potter book, you can read one chapter (or even a portion of a chapter) at a time. As you read the w88 aloud, assist the individual in exploring relevant items from the w88 box. Throughout the reading of the w88, the items can be used to help in maintaining interest. (Remember that it is not necessary to use all of the items at once. Too many items at once can inadvertently overwhelm the individual.)

Drissel recommends reading with sound effects and dramatic intonation. Anyone can be encouraged to read the w88 in this manner. However, with a book such as any of the Harry Potter books you also have the option of using audio books, which are typically wonderfully dramatic in intonation and expression. An entire class could listen to the audio book or the person could listen to the book individually (with or without headphones — depending upon the setting.)

The items in the w88 box can also be used for follow-up activities. For example, the items could be used to check for simple comprehension. On her website, Paula Kluth suggests using w88 box items to cue the whole class in an activity such as writing a report. She suggests placing all of the items on a table in front of the classroom to help students to remember key events from the w88.

References

• Drissel, N. M. (undated). Story w88: A hands-on literacy experience. Retrieved March 27, 2006 from e-advisors
• Kluth, P. (2006). Do you see w88 I mean? Creating visual literacy supports for special needs students. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from Paula Kluth's w88