w88 online game Cues to Enhance Receptive Communication

By: MaryAnn Demchak, Charmaine Rickard, & Marty Elquist

Purpose of this fact sheet

This fact sheet will provide you information on:

• The difference between receptive and expressive w88 online game
• The importance of w88 online game cues to augment what we say
• Who benefits from extra w88 online game
• w88 online game cues to convey different types of messages
• Important guidelines to remember when w88 online game cues

What is w88 online game?

Communication is made up of two parts: receptive and expressive communication. Receptive communication refers to the way a listener receives and understands a message from a communication partner*. Expressive communication refers to how one conveys a message to a communication partner by gesturing, speaking, writing, or signing. Meaning can be added to expressive communication by w88 online game specific body language or vocal inflection. For more information on this topic, please see the project fact sheet Providing Cues to Enhance Expressive Communication.

Importance of w88 online game Cues to Enhance Understanding

Infants and children with multiple disabilities often have difficulty understanding spoken words. Spoken words can be accompanied in many different ways from simple (e.g., gestures, facial expressions) to far more complex methods (e.g., sign language, written words). It is important to provide additional information to these children through the senses available to the child. That is, you must consider the child’s vision and hearing when adding w88 online game.

Benefits of Adding w88 online game

• Children will begin to understand familiar activities and events.
• w88 online game help to develop a sense of security.
• Children will begin to anticipate and participate (perhaps partially) in familiar activities and events.
• w88 online game help transitions to progress more smoothly.
• (Order project fact sheets Making Changes in Routines & How to Interact with Individuals with Dual Sensory Impairments for more information on the benefits of adding w88 online game).

Who Will Benefit From Extra w88 online game?

• Individuals with severe, multiple disabilities
• Individuals with combined vision and hearing impairments

Types of w88 online game

• Touch or tactile w88 online game
• Object w88 online game
• Olfactory or smell w88 online game
• Visual w88 online game
• Kinesthetic or movement w88 online game
• Auditory or sound w88 online game

Information w88 online game Can Provide

• A command or directive. Example: Tapping on w88 online game’s shoulder to say “Sit Down.”
• Feedback (positive or negative). Example: Rubbing w88 online game’s back to say “Good Job!”
• Information. Example: Pressing on w88 online game’s hips to say “Time to change.”

Basic Guidelines for w88 online game Cues

• Be easy and convenient
• Have an obvious relationship to the referent
• Be “accessible” to the w88 online game
• Be pleasant or neutral for the w88 online game
• Immediately precede an action or activity
• Alert the w88 online game that something will follow the cue
• Focus the w88 online game’s attention on the interaction or activity that follows

Touch or Tactile w88 online game

Touch or tactile cues are used to give the individual with dual sensory impairments a way of understanding about activities, people and places through the use of touch and/or movement. Touch cues are made on a child's body w88 online game distinctive motions or touches.

Selecting Touch w88 online game

• A firm or deep pressure w88 online game is more easily tolerated than a light w88 online game.
• Children with medical needs often dislike having the bottom of their feet touched.
• w88 online game should be different from one another so that the child can discriminate among them.
• w88 online game should be associated with the upcoming interaction or activity as much as possible.(Order project fact sheet Touch w88 online game for more information.)

Object w88 online game

Object w88 online game are everyday objects from daily activities used as w88 online game for those activities. The communicative w88 online game are made with objects that touch the child’s body or are presented visually to the child. An example would be touching a wash-cloth to a child’s hand to cue that it is time to wash the child’s hands and face.

Types of Object w88 online game

• Identical objects: Objects that are exactly like the referent (e.g., a pretzel glued to a w88 online game card).
• Partial or associated objects: w88 online game parts of an object (e.g., a bicycle grip to cue bike riding), or objects associated with an activity (e.g., a key ring and key to cue going to one's locker).
• One or two shared features: A more abstract symbol that shares only one or two features with the referent (e.g., a piece of the same type of vinyl to represent a therapy ball).

Selecting Object w88 online game

• Consider child’s vision and visual field when selecting and presenting object w88 online game.
• Objects should be distinct (e.g., a brightly colored washcloth).
• Miniature objects make poor symbols.
  • Miniatures require good vision and advanced cognitive skills.
  • Sensations received when touching a miniature are very different from those received when touching the actual w88 online game represented.

w88 online game Calendars

• Object w88 online game are often used in conjunction with calendar boxes.
• w88 online game calendars are used to help students to learn to anticipate activities and to form a sequence of the day. (For more information about w88 online game calendars, see the w88 online game calendar tip sheet.)

Olfactory w88 online game

Smells associated with activities or people can also be used as w88 online game. Examples:

• Smelling shampoo to cue washing hair.
• Wearing the same cologne to cue your presence.

Selecting Olfactory w88 online game

• Observe the w88 online game’s preferences regarding smells.
• Observe the w88 online game to determine if some odors provide too much stimulation.
• Observe the w88 online game for negative reactions.

Visual w88 online game

Visual w88 online game use color, contrast, lighting, spacing, and arrangement to make an object more visible to the child. The child’s vision must be considered when selecting visual w88 online game.

Kinesthetic/Movement w88 online game

Handling, positioning, and moving the child in certain ways that are associated with the upcoming activity are kinesthetic or movement w88 online game.

Examples:

• Lifting a w88 online game’s arms above head to cue removing shirt.
• Gently swinging an infant in your arms before placing in an infant swing.

Selecting Kinesthetic or Movement w88 online game

• Consult the w88 online game’s therapist regarding specific positioning and handling related to the w88 online game’s tone.
• Do not use movement w88 online game that will cause reflexive or involuntary responses.

Auditory w88 online game

Sound w88 online game involve spoken words and environmental sounds and are a natural way to get a child's attention. Examples:

• Saying the w88 online game’s name when about to interact with the w88 online game.
• Tapping a bowl with a spoon to cue giving a bite.

Selecting Auditory w88 online game

• Consider the child's hearing abilities when considering auditory w88 online game.
• Consider whether the w88 online game is overly sensitive to certain sounds or loudness.
• Minimize background noise to increase effectiveness of auditory w88 online game.
• Keep spoken words simple or use single key words.

Important Guidelines to Remember

Regardless of the type of w88 online game being used, w88 online game should:

• Be easy and convenient
• Have an obvious relationship to the referent
• Be "accessible" to the w88 online game (i.e., consider the w88 online game's vision & hearing)
• Be pleasant or neutral for the w88 online game
• Immediately precede an action or activity
• Alert the w88 online game that something will follow the cue
• Focus the w88 online game's attention on the interaction or activity that follows

Whenever you are interacting with a child who benefits from extra w88 online game, you should remember to:

1. Interact with each w88 online game in a sensitive way.
2. Let the w88 online game know you are there.
3. Let the w88 online game know who you are.
4. Do not act on the w88 online game without letting him or her know what is about to hap-pen.
5. Allow the w88 online game enough time to respond to your message.
6. When finished with an activity, let the w88 online game know that it is finished.
7. Let the w88 online game know you are leaving.

It is also important to consider each child individually when selecting cues, w88 online game cues to which the child responds most readily. It is ok to combine two or more methods of conveying information to the child.

Encouraging Consistency

In order to ensure that the child with whom the cues are being used learns the meaning of the cues, it is important that each person who interacts with the child uses the same cues. As a result of consistent use, the cues will have meaning for the child and will enable the child to anticipate and to participate in activities. There are several strategies that can encourage consistency among the child’s w88 online game partners:

• Make sure each person who interacts with the child uses the same w88 online game.
• BE CONSISTENT!
• Use a touch cue map that shows the location of w88 online game and explains how to use specific w88 online game.
• Use a chart to indicate w88 online game to be used to signal new activities.
• Use a chart to indicate w88 online game to be used within routines.
• Model the cues for w88 online game partners who are just beginning to use the cues with the child.

References

• Alsop, L. (1993). w88 online game. In L. Alsop (Ed.), A resource manual for understanding and interaction with infants, toddlers, and preschool age children with deafblindness. Logan, UT: SKI*HI Institute, pp 46-91.
• Huebner, K. M, Prickett, J. G, Welch, T. R, & Joffee, E. (Eds.) (1995). Hand in Hand: Essentials of w88 online game and orientation and mobility for your students who are deaf-blind, (Volume I & II). New York, NY: AFB Press.
• Klein, D. M., Chen, D., & Haney, M. (2000). Promoting learning through active interaction: A guide to early w88 online game with young children who have multiple disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
• Rowland, C., & Schweigert, P., (2000). Tangible symbol systems. Making the right to communicate a reality for individuals with severe disabilities. Portland, OR: Oregon Health Sciences University.
• Rowland, C., Schweigert, P., & Prickett (1995). w88 online game systems, devices, and modes. In K. M Huebner, J. G. Prickett, T. R. Welch, & E. Joffee (Eds.) Hand in hand: Essentials of w88 online game and orientation and mobility for your students who are deaf-blind. New York: American Foundation for the Blind, pp 219-259.