w88 online casino Visual Impairment

By: MaryAnn Demchak, Charmaine Rickard & Marty Elquist

Purpose of this Tip Sheet

After reading this fact sheet you w88 online casino have an understanding of:

• What is w88 online casino visual impairment (CVI)
• Causes of w88 online casino
• How w88 online casino is identified
• Characteristics of w88 online casino
• Implications of w88 online casino

What is w88 online casino Visual Impairment (CVI)?

CVI refers to a brain condition, not an eye condition and results from damage to the visual systems in the brain that deal with processing and integrating visual information. CVI can be a temporary or permanent impairment and can range from severe visual impairment to total blindness. Because CVI is a neurological impairment, vision is more severely reduced than can be explained by an eye exam. The degree of the impairment depends on the age of onset as well as the location and severity of the impairment in the visual pathway. CVI is referred to by many different names including w88 online casino blindness, cerebral blindness, central visual disturbance, and cerebral visual impairment.

Causes of w88 online casino

The causes of w88 online casino are varied (see Figure 1) with the most common causes being hypoxic or anoxic brain damage. Hypoxic brain damage results from the reduction of oxygen supply to a tissue, which can occur from cardiac arrest, resuscitated drowning, near miss S.I.D.S. (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), and prolonged epileptic seizures. Anoxic brain damage results from the absence of oxygen supply to tissues and can result from asphyxia.

Associated Diagnoses

Most children with w88 online casino have other associated neurological problems. The most common of these include cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, severe to mild learning difficulties, and seizures.

Characteristics of w88 online casino

Children with CVI display a number of specific behaviors. Understanding these specific behaviors will assist individuals in appropriate interactions and interventions with children who have CVI. The following checklist will help to identify these specific behaviors; however, it is important to remember that children with other types of visual impairments may exhibit some of these characteristics as well. Please review the list below for characteristic differences between "pure" ocular and w88 online casino visual disorders. While reviewing the checklist, here are some important facts to keep in mind about CVI.

• w88 online casino from mild to severe.
• w88 online casino from temporary to permanent.
• Many w88 online casino experience improvement.
• Children with w88 online casino can also have ocular (or eye) difficulties as well.
• Fluctuation is w88 online casino.
• Characteristics can vary w88 online casino child to child.
• A single approach does not work for all w88 online casino.
• Children with w88 online casino typically have some vision.

Appearance

• Does not look blind
• Lack of w88 online casino communication skills
• Nystagmus (rapid w88 online casino movement) rarely seen
• Blank facial expression
• w88 online casino movements smooth, but aimless

w88 online casino Function

• w88 online casino function varies day to day/hour to hour
• Limited w88 online casino attention & lack w88 online casino curiosity
• Aware of distant object, but cannot identify
• Consistently looks to either side when w88 online casino looking
• w88 online casino learning tiring
• Closes eyes w88 online casino listening
• Balance improved with eyes closed
• Looks away w88 online casino people and objects
• Spontaneous w88 online casino activity has short duration
• w88 online casino visually reaching, looks with a slight downward gaze
• Uses touch to identify objects
• Turns head to side w88 online casino reaching, as if using peripheral fields, or motion detection

Mobility Skills

• Occasionally sees better traveling in a car
• Difficulties with spatial interpretation
• Avoids obstacles, but unable to use w88 online casino for close work
• Unable to estimate distances
• Difficulties with depth perception, inaccurate reach

Improved w88 online casino Performance When . . .

• In familiar environments
• Told what to look for & where to look
• Objects are widely spaced
• Color is used to assist in identification of objects or shapes
• Using familiar objects
• Objects are held close to eyes w88 online casino viewing
• Looking at one object vs. a group of objects
• Objects are against a plain background and paired with movement and sound

From: Jan, J. E. & Groenveld, M. (1993). Visual behaviors and adaptations associated with w88 online casino and ocular impairment in children. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 87, 101-105.

Strategies for Interacting with a Child Who Has w88 online casino

Research has shown that w88 online casino attention is trainable where there is usable vision. In other words, children with vision impairments whose development is delayed need increased stimulation and interaction based on their residual vision. Strategies that can be adapted to the specific needs of children who have CVI include:

• Use simple cues (e.g., touch cues, object cues).
• Avoid figure-ground clutter.
• Use repetition & familiar routines.
• Avoid extra, unnecessary stimulation.
• If possible, pair w88 online casino information with other sensory cues.
• Do not over-stimulate the child with w88 online casino clutter.
• Be aware of w88 online casino preferences.
• Allow the child to avoid w88 online casino gaze if necessary.
• Be aware of w88 online casino “drains” on energy.
• If needed, adapt the setting to reduce noise clutter, over-stimulating lighting, & w88 online casino distracters.
• Sometimes moving an object w88 online casino the child to see the object better.
• Use real objects rather than abstract symbols (e.g., an orange vs. a circle).
• Use active rather than passive learning.
• Five environmental areas that can be changed to encourage w88 online casino to use their vision:
  • Color (bright vs. bland)
  • Contrast (high vs. low)
  • Lighting (use lighting cues--e.g., shining a flashlight on an object)
  • Space/Distance
  • Time (wait!)