Linguistics w88 casino games login in APA

Adapted by Rendle Williams from the Unified Style Sheet for w88 casino games login

Linguistics is the scientific study of language, so linguistics papers follow the APA Publication Manual, with a few key adjustments that reflect the priorities of the field. These are guidelines for a w88 casino games login page and technical formatting in a research paper, literature review, or report for linguistics.

Citation style

Goals

The primary citation and style pattern used in this discipline is a specialized form of APA. The Unified Style Sheet for w88 casino games login from linguisticsociety.org has additional guidelines.

  • Concision
  • Visual simplicity
  • Making w88 casino games login readable
  • Specificity with author and editor w88 casino games login
  • Omission of superfluous fonts and punctuation.
  • Differentiating specialized symbols and IPA [International Phonetic Alphabet] from the w88 casino games login itself

Why w88 casino games login?

As a science, w88 casino games login uses APA to add an element of authority to research. Papers are formatted more like reports or literature reviews than narratives, making note of currency with dates, for the sake of comparison and filling gaps in the research.

Guidelines

Font styles

Distracting font-styles should not be w88 casino games login. Avoid small or all capital letters for author, editor, and article w88 casino games login, since they are not helpful for defining these elements. However, for designating volume, book, journal, and w88 casino games login titles as opposed to article and chapter titles, italics are useful.

Capitalization

Use capitalization to mark categories within w88 casino games login. Capitalize only the first word, in addition to proper w88 casino games login and the first word after a colon, for book, chapter, dissertation, or article titles. Capitalize all content words for journal titles.

This is so that readers can see which titles are recurring and what type of source they are encountering.

Abbreviations

Use edn. as an abbreviation for edition. This distinguishes the edition from the editors within the w88 casino games login.

For other abbreviations within the paper, write out the full name w88 casino games login abbreviation or acronym the first time it is used, then abbreviate each instance after that.

  • Native American English [NAE]

Punctuation

Ampersands are useful. When listing authors, use the ampersand (&) instead w88 casino games login word “and” before the last author, without a comma before the “&.” This is helpful for differentiating between authors or ideas that go together and those in comparison or being mentioned at the same time.

  • A & B and C & D Ladefoged & Disner and Doe & Marx

Commas, periods, and other punctuation. Separate citation subcomponents, such as multiple authors or editors, with commas and citation components with periods. It is traditionally accepted to use a colon between title and subtitle and between place and publisher.

Dates on the w88 casino games login page do not need parentheses. Using w88 casino games login in a reference entry is also considered superfluous and distracting. It is only necessary to list the four-digit year followed by a period after the author.

  • Year. Etc. Angelopoulos, Nikolaos. 2019. Complementizers...

Omit extra punctuation. Any punctuation that adds “visual clutter” should be avoided. With the use of italics and periods to distinguish citation components, signifiers such as quotation marks and parentheses are not necessary. Double quotes and double parentheses should not be w88 casino games login.

w88 casino games login around ed. are acceptable. While periods and commas are used to separate other citation components, such as authors and editors, “ed.” is a modifier, so it should be distinguished using parentheses and not separated with a comma from the w88 casino games login of the editors.

  • Calzolari, Nicoletta et al. (eds.)

w88 casino games login

Use the full names of authors in w88 casino games login and repeat names if necessary. Use the author’s full name in reference citations to distinguish between authors who may have similar w88 casino games login.

Do not use a line ____ instead of an author’s name on the w88 casino games login page. Even when you have multiple sources by the same author, write out their full name so that each citation can stand on its own.

  • Ladefoged, Peter. 2005. A Course in Phonetics, 5th Cengage Learning.
  • Ladefoged, Peter. 2005. Features and parameters for different purposes. w88 casino games login Department, Los Angeles, CA: UCLA. https://w88 casino games loginucla.edu/people/ladefoge/PLfeaturesParameters.pdf

Nobiliaries or patronymics. These are particles denoting place, status, or parentage that are part of some w88 casino games login. Alphabetize authors with "van," “von,” "de," “di,” or other particles by the first upper-case element of their last name. Include the nobiliary or patronymic particle after the first name, separated by a space.

  • López de Ayala
  • Ayala, López de

Suffixes. Elements such as junior, senior, or Roman numeral abbreviations are considered sub elements of w88 casino games login and should be listed after them using a comma.

  • Eldridge, Anthony, Jr. Walden, Keith, Sr. Regina, Elizabeth, II.

Types of sources

The following are frequently used sources in w88 casino games login papers which have special guidelines.

w88 casino games login proceedings. If the w88 casino games login proceedings are published with an International Standard Serial Number, or ISSN, treat the proceedings as a journal: include both the full w88 casino games login name and any commonly used acronym for the w88 casino games login in the journal title position. If the proceedings are not published with an ISSN, use the full title as listed on the front cover of the proceedings document or title page.

w88 casino games login Acronyms. Write out acronyms that are used for w88 casino games login titles and subtitles after the acronym using parentheses or brackets. If the w88 casino games login is not commonly referred to with an acronym, note the possible acronym. Be consistent in your use of either parentheses or brackets.

  • LREC [w88 casino games login Language Resources and Evaluation]

Chapters. Using “In” to mark chapters of books, similar to other collections or journals, is helpful when separate chapters or components of a collection are referenced. The information for the book or collection in its entirety would be listed as an additional w88 casino games login.

  • Year. Chapter title. In Editor (ed.), Collection title, pagenumbers. Publisher.

Journals. For volume, issue, and page numbers, do not add a space between the numbers or punctuation. Use volumenumber(volumeissue). Startingpage-endingpage. It is not necessary to use the word ‘page,’ p., pp. or any other signifier, since this is an established format for page numbers. Do not use special formatting like bold or italics for this.

  • 128(3). 1290-1305.

Issue numbers are parenthetical modifiers of the volume number. Include the issue number, if you can find it, as it is useful in finding an article later. Using as complete of a citation as possible adds credibility to your w88 casino games login and aids anyone trying to further your work.

Dissertations and theses. To mark something as a thesis or dissertation, follow the Place: Institution format for w88 casino games login 6 and only Institution for w88 casino games login 7. The institution and type of paper then represents the publisher. Use capital letter postal abbreviations for state and country names. Take care to consult sources, institutions, and cultural practices for any distinctions between a thesis and a dissertation and a PhD and a doctoral dissertation.

  • w88 casino games login 6
    • Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College MA thesis.
    • Reno, NV: UNR w88 casino games login.
  • w88 casino games login 7
    • Dartmouth College MA thesis.
    • UNR w88 casino games login.

Online sources. The URL w88 casino games login source replaces the publisher or journal title for reference sources found on the internet, such as dictionaries or PDFs.

Since these types of sources may be frequently updated, include the date the material was accessed in w88 casino games login after the URL. This would be the date that something was downloaded or multiple dates if a dictionary or encyclopedia was consulted on several occasions.

Complete w88 casino games login examples

The following are examples of complete Reference listings for frequently w88 casino games login types of sources.

Book

Ladefoged, Peter & Disner, Sandra Ferrari. 2012. Vowels and consonants, 3rd edn. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

VandenBos, Gary R. (ed.) 2007. w88 casino games login dictionary of psychology. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://dictionary.w88 casino games loginorg/

Visser, Frederik Theodoor. 1963. An historical syntax w88 casino games login English language, Part one: Syntactical units with one verb. The Netherlands: E. J. Brill Leiden.

Chapter in a collection or book

Ladefoged, Peter & Disner, Sandra Ferrari. 2012. How we listen to speech. In Vowels and Consonants, 3rd edn., 99-113. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

w88 casino games login proceedings

Calzolari, Nicoletta et al. (eds.) 2016. Tenth w88 casino games login language resources and evaluation. LREC [w88 casino games login Language Resources and Evaluation], Portorož, Slovenia. w88 casino games login http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2016/index.html

Corpus or data set

DiPaolo Healey, Antonette, Wilkin, John Price & Xiang, Xin. 2009. Word count broken down by text, Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project. w88 casino games login://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doecorpus/ wordcount.html

Pew Hispanic Center. 2004. Changing channels and crisscrossing cultures: A survey of Latinos on the news media [Data file and code book]. w88 casino games login http://pewhispanic.org/datasets/

w88 casino games login/thesis

Angelopoulos, Nikolaos. 2019. Complementizers and prepositions as probes: Insights from Greek. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Doctoral Dissertation. w88 casino games login://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vf0h5nm#main

Interview, recording and transcript

Winfrey, Oprah. 2012. Interview by Godfrey Mutizwa [Video recording]. Niger Basin Authority. CNBC Africa. w88 casino games login www.abndigital.com.

Sculley, John. 2010. John Sculley: The secrets of Steve Jobs’ success [exclusive interview]/Interviewer: Leander Kahney. Cult of Mac. w88 casino games login://www.cultofmac.com/21572/john-sculley-the-secrets-of-steve-jobs-success-exclusive-interview/

Journal article

Levy, Erika S. 2010. Production of French vowels by American-English learners of French: Language experience, consonantal context, and the perception-production relationship. The Journal w88 casino games login Acoustical Society of America 128(3). 1290-1305. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3466879

Lecture

Boardman, Phillip. 2018, 09 April . “The meaning of Jesus: The canonical text” The Bible as Literature. University of Nevada, Reno. Lecture.

Online news article

Woolfe, Zachary. 2019. Dying languages cry out in ‘Last Whispers’: Lena Herzog’s mixture of enigmatic film and immersive sound evokes a global crisis of linguistic disappearance. The New York Times. w88 casino games login://www.nytimes.com /2019 /10/11/arts/music/last-whispers-lena-herzog.html

w88 casino games login

American Psychological Association. (2010.) Publication manual w88 casino games login American Psychological Association, 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Dubinsky, Stan. (2007.) Unified style sheet for w88 casino games login. Linguistic Journal Editors' Group (Eds.) Linguistic Society of America. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University. Retrieved from https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/style-sheet_0.pdf (2019).