Chicago Manual of w88 slot online

Although Chicago w88 slot online can appear intimidating, it’s nothing more than a comprehensive guide for writing within the humanities and liberal arts.

Why w88 slot online and endnotes?

Footnotes are convenient. Say you&w88 slot online;re reading a history paper (where CMS is primarily used) and you encounter a source that you find interesting or want to know more about. Placing the source&w88 slot online;s information at the end of the page is convenient to the reader. The author of a paper may also want to remark on a source, idea, or term, but it&w88 slot online;s not important enough to put in the text of the paper; in this case, a footnote would be useful.
Endnotes differ if you want to use footnotes but don&w88 slot online;t find them aesthetically pleasing (crowding out each page), and decide to place them at the end of the document where every source used, from first to last, is in a single place.
Some professors require their students to use both w88 slot online (citing the sources they used, when they used them) and a bibliography (documenting sources they collected, whether they used them or not). In those cases, keep a few distinctions in mind:
1. In footnote citations, items w88 slot online citation itself are separated by commas: however, those commas turn into periods once in the bibliography.
2. Also, footnotes have a first/last name order of the author&w88 slot online;s name, whereas it is reversed in bibliography.
3. Publishing information, like publishing city, publishing company, and date, are encased in parentheses in a footnote but not so w88 slot online bibliography.

Examples

w88 slot online example:

William F. Buckley Jr., Buckley: The Right Word - The complete book w88 slot online uses and abuses w88 slot online English language by the contemporary master of vocabulary (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998), 320.

Bibliography example:

Buckley Jr., William F. Buckley: The Right Word - The complete book w88 slot online uses and abuses w88 slot online English language by the contemporary master of vocabulary. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998.

Word to the wise on consecutive and/or multiple citations:

If w88 slot online cite a source in one footnote for a section, and w88 slot online keep citing the same source, and same page, just place “Ibid.” (Latin for “in the same place”) in subsequent citations. But if w88 slot online cite the same source with a different page number, use “Ibid.” and follow it by the page number.

When you first cite a source, include all elements of the citation. In subsequent footnote citations (not directly following it), simply include the author&w88 slot online;s last name, and a shortened form of the title (often just keywords, i.e., not articles/function words).

Since Chicago Manual of w88 slot online (CMS) is the go-to w88 slot online of historians, we’ll include two other footnote citation examples: journal articles and database materials.

John David Bladek, “‘Virginia Is Middle Ground&w88 slot online;: The Know Nothing Party and the Virginia Gubernatorial Election of 1855,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 106, no. 1 (1998), 35-70, accessed September 22, 2016, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4249690. (In citing journal articles, don&w88 slot online;t forget to include the volume number after the journal&w88 slot online;s title, in addition to the date accessed before the article URL).

Daniel Ullmann, Amendments to the Constitution w88 slot online United States: Non-sectarian And Universal Education, New York: Baker & Godwin, 1876, 4. HathiTrust (Side note: this is archival material retrieved from our library database, but your professor will specify whether w88 slot online need to include the database name or a stable URL)

Reference Format and w88 slot online Quirks

In the Chicago Manual of w88 slot online, there are two methods of citation, depending upon the field in which you’re writing. A common approach in liberal arts, specifically in history, is to use footnotes/endnotes. The second approach (meant for more science-oriented disciplines) is to cite sources according to author-date.

The way we cite sources in text is an indication w88 slot online importance we place on certain information. In the case of footnotes, we value the whole source for its historical information, and what we might learn from the author, title, publisher, or publication date. As historians, we want all w88 slot online information.

If we&w88 slot online;re using author date references, we value the author&w88 slot online;s last name and the year of publication. Since the sciences are primarily concentrated on peer reviewed journals, we want to know the author&w88 slot online;s name, but more importantly how recent the article was published. The more recent the article, the more relevant its issues, research methods, etc.

Here are the basic principles of w88 slot online system:

w88 slot online in-text citations in CMS are similar to APA in-text citations: (Drew 2016), or if the author is mentioned in-sentence, “Drew (2016) states. . .”
When citing a particular page number, include the page number in the parenthetical citation: (Drew 2016, 195). If an online w88 slot online has no pagination, insert the paragraph or chapter number if there is one.
Since author-date is used for more scientific or technical writing, you&w88 slot online;ll be using primarily books, reports, and above all, journal articles.
For a journal article, the w88 slot online information in the bibliography would be ordered as: Author (last, first). Date of Publication. Article title (in quotations). Journal title (in italics). Volume (Issue): Page Number. Doi (digital object identifier) or URL.
The citation for the above example would go as follows: Drew, Erin. 2016. “‘Tis Prudence To Prevent Th'entire Decay&w88 slot online;: Usufruct And Environmental Thought.” Eighteenth century thought. 49 (2): 195.
For books, a reference does not include volume, issue, and URL (unless it&w88 slot online;s an eBook) as in the following example: Dawkins, Richard. 2012. The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True. New York: Free Press.
Parenthetical citations w88 slot online above book would follow the first rule and be cited as (Dawkins 2012).

Contributed By: Reece Gibb