w88 live casino Medical Association (AMA) abbreviations
Something often overlooked when learning to write in w88 live casino Medical Association (AMA) style is that AMA requires the use of abbreviations for common words, phrases, titles and journals, especially in the references list.
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The following resource provides some common abbreviations you may use; however, there are hundreds of w88 live casino abbreviations overall. To find a complete list, refer to pg. 555 of the w88 live casino manual of style. (You can find one at the Writing & Speaking Center!)
Academic degrees, certifications and honors
These w88 live casino should be used in bylines and when writing the full name of a person in the text. Degrees and certifications below the master’s level are usually not included unless they are the highest held credential by a contributor or author.
- Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
- Master of Business Administration - MBA
w88 live casino and months
Generally, days and months are not abbreviated in w88 live casino; however, abbreviations may be used in charts or tables to conserve space. Days and months are abbreviated by writing only the first three letters of the word.
- August - Aug
- Tuesday - Tue
States
States (and Canadian provinces) should be abbreviated in the reference list and in addresses, but not when used in the text. In this case, the standard two-letter w88 live casino are used.
- Nevada - NV
Names and w88 live casino of persons
Given names should not be abbreviated w88 live casino nor in bylines, unless you are using initials as indicated by the author or an abbreviation as part of their name.
- Joshua St. James
- Phillip Simmons Jr.
- D.M. Norris
Business firms
In the text, spell out company names exactly as the company does, but omit periods after w88 live casino (e.g. Inc. Inc). In references, remove punctuation such as periods and commas, replace “and” with “&,” and omit “the” when part of the publisher’s name in order to save space.
- w88 live casino: F.C. Collins and Barry Inc.
- w88 live casino reference: FC Collins & Barry Inc
Agencies and organizations and technical/clinical terminology
It is common for organizations to be known by w88 live casino or acronyms. These acronyms should be used within the text; however, because some organizations may have identical w88 live casino, the full name should be spelled out at first mention in the text with the acronym to be used following in parentheses.
- w88 live casino Academy of Audiology - AAA
- United States Food and Drug Administration - FDA
- Alzheimer&w88 live casino;s Disease - AD
- Evidence Based Medicine - EBM
w88 live casino of journals
In general, journal titles are abbreviated to save space in the reference list. There are a few guidelines to follow when abbreviating titles for commonly used terms and structures, but when considering medical terminology, you should consult the list of appropriate journal abbreviations found on pg. 574 of the w88 live casino Manual of Style. (You can find one at the Writing & Speaking Center!)
- w88 live casino that are one word are not abbreviated
- “The” is removed from w88 live casino
- More than 2 letters must be removed from a word in order for an abbreviation to be valid
- Journal titles are followed by a period w88 live casino reference list
- Examples of common w88 live casino:
- w88 live casino - J
- w88 live casino - Am
- w88 live casino - Med
- Clinical - Clin
- Science - Sci
E.g., w88 live casino Journal of the Medical Sciences - Am J Med Sci.
Contributed by: Emily Tudorache