w88 online casino Research & Working Papers

Working Papers

The College of Business w88 online casino Unit Working Paper Series presents research on a wide variety of topics including gaming, the productivity of various industries, healthcare, regional economic development, and the economic benefits and costs of natural resource and environmental management.

Kidnap Insurance and its w88 online casino on Kidnapping Outcomes [PDF]
Authors: Pingle, Mark & Fink, Alexander. Abstract: In the developing world, kidnapping is relatively common, and a market for kidnap insurance has arisen in response. We provide a model that allows us to analyze how kidnap insurance affects the interaction between the kidnapper and the victim's family when both are self-interested and have complete knowledge. We find that a market for kidnap insurance can be supported because it benefits a risk averse family, as long as the introduction of insurance does not increase the risk of kidnapping too much. Families should fully insure if purchasing insurance does not increase the probability of kidnapping, and partially insure otherwise. Kidnapping insurance allows families to redeem hostages w88 online casino kidnappers who are more willing to kill, which reduces the number of kidnapping fatalities as long as the insurance does not increase the risk of kidnapping too much.

w88 online casino Legalized Casino Gambling on Crime [PDF]
w88 online casino: Nichols, Mark & Tosun, Mehmet. Abstract: We examine the impact of legalized casino gambling, including Indian casinos, on crime. Using county-level data between 1994 and 2009, the impact that casino legalization had on crime is examined. Our results show an increase in crime associated with casinos in some circumstances, but not others. Crime impact results are quite sensitive to data, sample periods and econometric specifications. In addition to known Part 1 offenses (assault, burglary, larceny, robbery, rape, and auto theft), we also examine various arrest classifications, including driving under the influence (DUI), fraud, and prostitution. Again, casinos are associated with a statistically significant increase in some circumstances but not in others, with results depending on econometric specification. In no circumstances, however, are casinos and crime significantly negatively correlated.

Risk Externalities, Wildfire Hazard, and Private Investment to Mitigate Wildfire Risk w88 online casino Wildland-Urban Interface [PDF]
Authors: Taylor, Michael & Christman, Laine. Abstract: Homeowners in areas adjacent to wildlands - in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) - can mitigate the risk that their home will be damaged in a wildfire by creating "defensible space" on their property. w88 online casino article explores homeowners' incentives to invest in defensible space using a unique data set on 35 WUI communities in Nevada. w88 online casino is the first study to analyze homeowners' incentives to invest in defensible space, comparing across both forested (alpine forest) and non-forested (sagebrush rangeland, pinyon pine and juniper woodland, grassland) communities. w88 online casino article explores two explanations for perceived homeowner underinvestment in defensible space: (i) homeowners' misjudging their wildfire risk and (ii) spatial interdependencies between neighbor's defensible space investments due to risk externalities. We find no evidence to suggest that homeowners' systematically misjudge their wildfire risk, though we do find evidence of strategic complementarities in defensible space investments due to risk externalities in certain communities, depending on predominant vegetation. Our results suggest that wildland fire policy to promote defensible space should focus on financial and regulatory barriers to investment in defensible space, rather than on educational programs, and that "tipping policies" to encourage early adopters to invest in defensible space may be appropriate in communities where the majority of homeowners have not invested in defensible.

The Price Elasticity of Marijuana Demand [PDF]
Authors: Davis, Adam & Nichols, Mark. Abstract: w88 online casino uses crowd-sourced transaction data from a cross-section of the US to examine demand for marijuana. State and regional variations in consumption, price and quality are explored. Price elasticity of demand estimates range between -0.3 and -0.6. Noticeable price differences are found between high, medium, and low quality marijuana, with high quality marijuana, at .57 per gram, 144% greater than low quality marijuana, at .55 a gram. Significant variation is also found by medical marijuana status and census region, although this variation depends critically on the quality of the marijuana.

Riverboat w88 online casino Impacts on Employment and Income in Host and Surrounding Counties [PDF]
w88 online casino: Geisler, Karl R. & Nichols, Mark W.

Another Look at Non-Renewable Resource Exhaustion [PDF]
Authors: Dobra, John & Dobra, Matt. Abstract: This paper challenges the widely held hypothesis, considered as accepted scientific consensus in some circles, that modern industrial society is rapidly exhausting non-renewable resources. We argue that this paradigm is amiss and use copper availability as an example to demonstrate the problems with this consensus. In the 80 years for which reasonably reliable estimates of copper reserves and reserve life are available, there is no evidence of resource exhaustion. In addition, an analysis of the w88 online casino of resource exploration indicates that mining companies will treat exploration as an inventory control problem and trade off using limited capital resources between expanding inventories of reserves and generating current revenue through production. In the case of the copper industry, it is argued that there is little incentive for major copper producers to explore for more resources. Non producers, exploration companies do have an incentive for expanding reserves, but this does not change the conclusion that new copper resources are effectively not worth looking for. We also conjecture that, except for in rare and temporary circumstances, this conclusion is applicable to most non-renewable resources.

w88 online casino Mineral Production Taxes and Mining Law Reform [PDF]
Authors: John Dobra, Matt Dobra Abstract: Fuel and leasable minerals mined in the United States have historically been subject to federal royalties while locatable minerals have not. In recent years there have been multiple attempts to alter this policy and subject locatable minerals to federal royalties as well; most recently the preliminary 2011 Obama budget included a gross royalty on hard-rock mining on public lands. This paper analyzes the issue of imposing such federal royalties from both a legal and w88 online casino perspective. From a legal perspective, it is argued that the state of western property rights precludes royalties on currently extant claims so revenues from a royalty would not be realized for many years. From an w88 online casino perspective, it is argued that the effect on revenue would be smaller than one might anticipate due to such a royalty crowding out state levies or encouraging vertical disintegration on the part of mining firms to avoid much of the burden of the royalty.

The w88 online casino of Fuel Management: Wildfire, Invasive Species, and the Evolution of Sagebrush Rangelands in the Western United States [PDF]
Authors: Taylor, M., Rollins, K. and Kobayashi, M. Abstract: In this article we develop a simulation model for estimating the w88 online casino efficiency of fuel treatments and apply it to two sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin of the western United States: Wyoming Sagebrush Steppe and Mountain Big Sagebrush. These two ecosystems face the two most prominent resource management concerns in sagebrush ecosystems relative to wildfire: annual grass invasion and native conifer expansion. Our framework simulates long-run wildfire suppression costs with and without fuel treatments explicitly incorporating ecological dynamics, stochastic wildfire, uncertainty fuel treatment success, and ecological thresholds. Our results indicate that fuel treatment is only economically efficient on the basis of wildfire suppression costs savings when the two ecosystems are in relatively good ecological health. Our approach also allows us to analyze how uncertainty about the location of thresholds between ecological states influences the w88 online casino efficiency of fuel treatments, as well as the influence of shorter wildfire return intervals and improved treatment success rates.

An Examination w88 online casino Relation between State Fiscal Health and Amnesty Enactment [PDF]
Authors: Luitel, H.S. and Tosun, M.S. Abstract: Assuming a normal distribution of hazards, Dubin, Graetz, and Wilde (1992) analyze state tax amnesties in the 1980s and conclude that states run amnesties in response to revenue yield motive. Given the increased frequency with which states enacted amnesties during and after the 2001 recession, we investigate if there is a possible shift w88 online casino revenue yield motive to fiscal stress motive. We find that the normal distribution of hazards assumption along with the multicollinearity problem led prior research to an erroneous conclusion, and that fiscal stress is indeed the main determinant of initial and repeated tax amnesties enacted by states between 1982 and 2005.

w88 online casino Reform and Alternatives for North Korea [PDF]
Authors: Parker, E. and Cargill, T. Abstract: This chapter assesses the potential for reform in North Korea, and considers the lessons learned from w88 online casino reform and transition in China, the Soviet Union, and Central Europe. We focus in particular on the importance of reforms in the financial regime, and argue that in the absence of a major change in North Korea's environment, such as a crisis caused by reduced w88 online casino and/or political support from China, or increased access by the North Korean population to events in the rest of the world, the current situation is likely to continue for many years. North Korea will thus continue to alternate between declining, stagnant or mediocre w88 online casino growth. It will also continue to be a source of geo-political instability in the world in general and Asia in particular.

Embedding a Field Experiment in Contingent Valuation to Measure Context-Dependent Risk Preferences: Does Prospect w88 online casino Explain Individual Responses for Wildfire Risk? [PDF]
Authors: Rollins, K. and M. Kobayashi Abstract: w88 online casino contributes towards the development of an empirical approach applicable to contingent valuation to accommodate non-expected utility risk preferences. Combining elicitation approaches used in field experiments with contingent valuation, we embed an experimental design that systematically varies probabilities and losses across a survey sample in a willingness to pay elicitation format. We apply the proposed elicitation and estimation approaches to estimate the risk preferences of a representative homeowner who faces probabilistic wildfire risks and an investment option that reduces losses due to wildfire. Based on prospect theory, we estimate parameters of probability weighting, risk preferences and use individual characteristics as covariates for these parameters and as utility shifters. We find that risk preferences are consistent with prospect theory. We find that probability weighting may offer an explanation for respondents’ observed under investment in measures to reduce losses due to wildfire.

Latent Thresholds w88 online casino of Choice Data with Multiple Bids and Response Options [PDF]
Authors: Kobayashi, M., Moeltner, K. and Rollins, K. Abstract: In many stated preference settings stakeholders will be uncertain as to their exact willingness-to-pay for a proposed environmental amenity. To accommodate w88 online casino possibility analysts have designed elicitation formats with multiple bids and response options that allow for the expression of uncertainty. We argue that the information content flowing from such elicitation has not yet been fully and efficiently exploited in existing contributions. We introduce a Latent Thresholds Estimator that focuses on the simultaneous identification of the full set of thresholds that delineate an individual's value space in accordance with observed response categories. Our framework provides a more complete picture of the underlying value distribution, the marginal effects of regressors, and the impact of bid designs on estimation efficiency. We show that the common practice of re-coding responses to derive point estimate of willingness-to-pay leaves useful information untapped and can produce misleading results if thresholds are highly correlated.

Regulatory w88 online casino Design for Agroecosystem Management on Public Rangelands [PDF]
Authors: Melkonyan, T. and Taylor, M. Abstract: w88 online casino analyzes regulatory design for agroecosystem management on public rangelands. We present an informational and institutional environment where three of the most prominent regulatory instruments on public rangelands – input regulation, cost-sharing/taxation, and performance regulation – can be defined and compared. The paper examines how the optimal regulation is shaped by the informational and institutional constraints faced by federal land management agencies (FLMAs) such as the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service. These constraints include informational asymmetries between ranchers and FLMAs, limitations on FLMAs’ ability to monitor ranch-level ecological conditions, and constraints on FLMAs’ actions due to budget limitations and restrictions on the level of penalties they can assess. The theoretical model extends the previous work of Baker (1992), Prendergast (2002), and Hueth and Melkonyan (2009) by considering optimal regulation by a budget-constrained regulator in an environment of asymmetric information and moral hazard.

The Effect of Government Purchases on w88 online casino Growth in Japan [PDF]
Authors: Guerrero, F. and Parker, E. Abstract: We consider whether there is statistical evidence for a causal relationship between government expenditures and real GDP growth in postwar Japan. After studying the time-series properties of these variables, we find that government consumption and government investment both have a positive and causal effect on growth. w88 online casino suggests that fiscal policy may not have been as ineffective during the last two decades of Japan’s stagnant growth as some have suggested, but may have helped to prevent an even more severe balance-sheet recession after the collapse of the Japanese bubble economy.

To Believe or Not Believe… or Not Decide: A w88 online casino-Theoretic Model of Agnosticism [PDF]
Authors: Melkonyan, T. and Pingle, M. Abstract: Using basic decision-theory, we construct a theory of agnosticism, where agnosticism is defined as choosing not to choose a religion. The theory indicates agnosticism can be supported as a rational choice if (a) adopting agnosticism provides in-life benefits relative to any religion, (b) the perceived payoff for agnosticism after death is not too much less than any religion, (c) no religion has a high perceived likelihood of truth, (d) probability of death is neither too high nor too low, or (e) it is less costly to switch w88 online casino agnosticism to a given religion than w88 online casino one religion to another, while at the same time there is a reasonable likelihood an informative signal may be received in life as to the truth of various religions.

w88 online casino Gambling to Teach Insurance Principles [PDF]
Authors: Mark Pingle Abstract: A basic understanding of insurance principles is useful for making personal finance decisions and for considering public policy issues. Yet, insurance concepts tend to be less intuitive, more difficult for students to grasp, than other concepts. w88 online casino shows how fundamental insurance principles can be taught by relating them to the principles underlying gambling, the game of roulette in particular. This approach has been used successfully with college freshmen taking macroeconomics at the University of Nevada, Reno. After hearing a lecture given using this approach, students tend to come alive with questions, can understand why they might not want to buy an extended warrantee the next time it is offered, can understand why investing in the stock market is usually different than gambling, and can even start to see the subtleties in public policy issues involving insurance. JEL Classification:

Willingness to Pay Estimation w88 online casino Protest Beliefs are not Separable [PDF]
Authors: Kimberly Rollins, M.D.R. Evans, Mimako Kobayashi and Anita Castledine Abstract: Public good attributes that are correlated with protest beliefs but not separable from the good's value, would affect stated preference estimates of the WTP for the public good. Survey data collected to value a program to prevent ecosystem losses on Nevada rangelands, where the majority of land is publicly owned and managed, reveal more than half of the respondents exhibiting some protest belief. Of these, about 60% voted 'yes' to some nonzero bid amount. By treating protest beliefs and opposition to the proposed program as separate concepts, we systematically analyze their determinants and impacts on WTP. In w88 online casino framework, people with protest beliefs may or may not vote 'no' to all bids and people may, without being protesters, answer 'no' to all dollar amounts. Multinomial logit regression results suggest that factors motivating people to protest and/or oppose the proposed program are so diverse that a single model does not provide a good fit. We estimate nested models and conclude that different underlying processes determine WTP for "protesters" (.02) and "non-protesters" (.56).

Benefit Transfer w88 online casino Multiple Contingent Experiments: A Flexible Two-Step Model Combining Individual Choice Data with Community Characteristics [PDF]
Authors: Klaus Moeltner, Robert J. Johnston and Randall S. Rosenberger Abstract: w88 online casino study proposes a new approach to utilize information from existing choice experiments to predict policy outcomes for a transfer setting. Recognizing the difficulties from pooling raw data from experiments with different designs and sub-populations we first re-estimate all underlying Random Utility Models individually, and then combine them in a second stage process to form a weighted mixture density for the generation of policy-relevant welfare estimates. Using data from recent choice experiments on farmland preservation we illustrate that our strategy is more robust to transfer inaccuracies than single-site approaches. The specification of "intelligent" mixture weights will be a fruitful ground for future research in the area of Benefit Transfer.

Invasive Weeds, Wildfire, and Rancher Decision Making w88 online casino Great Basin [PDF]
Authors: Kobayashi, M. and Rollins, K. Abstract: A numerical dynamic model is developed to characterize the decision problem of a rancher operating on rangelands in northern Nevada that are affected by invasive annual grasses and wildfire. The model incorporates decisions about herd size management of a cow-calf operation and fuels treatment to reduce the size of rangeland wildfires. Currently, high transactions costs to obtain permits to implement land treatments on federally-owned rangeland appear to limit rancher involvement. The results of the model suggest that, even if the transactions are removed, ranch income motives alone are likely insufficient for private ranchers to adopt preventative land treatments. The current treatment cost ( per acre at the minimum) appears to be prohibitively expensive relative to the benefits derived w88 online casino the treatments under the low-productivity, semi-arid rangeland conditions.

Religion, Religiosity and Educational Attainment of Immigrants w88 online casino USA [PDF]
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. Abstract: w88 online casino quantifies the association between religions, religiosity and educational attainment of new lawful immigrants to the U.S. w88 online casino considers a broad set of religions that includes most of the major religions of the world. Using data from the New Immigrant Survey (2003), we show that affiliation with religion is not necessarily associated with an increase in educational attainment. Muslim and “Other religion” immigrants have less education compared to the immigrants who are not affiliated with any religion. However, affiliation with the Jewish religion is associated with higher educational attainment for males. With regard to religiosity, our results show that high religiosity is associated with lower educational attainment, especially for females. We also outline alternative frameworks that provide insight about the mechanisms that link religion and religiosity with educational attainment.

Valuing the Prevention of an Infestation: The Threat w88 online casino New Zealand Mud Snail in Northern Nevada [PDF]
w88 online casino: Allison Davis and Klaus Moeltner Abstract: The Truckee / Carson / Walker River Watershed in Northern Nevada is under an imminent threat of infestation by the New Zealand Mud Snail, an aquatic nuisance species with the potential to harm recreational fisheries. We combine a utility-theoretic system-demand model of recreational angling with a Bayesian econometric framework to provide estimates of trip and welfare losses under different types of regulatory control policies. We find that such losses can be substantial, warranting immediate investments in preemptive strategies via public outreach and awareness campaigns.

2008 Research

Ambiguity, Pessimism, and Religious Choice [PDF]
Authors: Melkonyan, T. and Pingle, M. Abstract: Using a relatively mild restriction on the beliefs of the MMEU−preference functional, in which the decision maker’s degree of ambiguity and degree of pessimism are each parameterized, we present a rather general theory of religious choice in the decision theory tradition, one that can resolve dilemmas, address the many Gods objection, and address the inherent ambiguity. Using comparative static analysis, we are able to show how changes in either the degree of ambiguity or the degree of pessimism can lead a decision maker to “convert” w88 online casino one religion to another. We illustrate the theory of religious choice using an example where the decision maker perceives three possible religious alternatives.

Further Analysis w88 online casino Zipf Law: Does the Rank-Size Rule Really Exist? [PDF]
Authors: Nota, F. and Song, S. Abstract: The widely-used Zipf law has two striking regularities: excellent fit and close-to-one exponent. When the exponent equals to one, the Zipf law collapses into the rank-size rule. w88 online casino further analyzes the Zipf exponent. By changing the sample size, the truncation point, and the mix of cities in the sample, we found that the exponent is close to one only for some selected sub-samples. Using the values of estimated exponent from the rolling sample method, we obtained an elasticity of the exponent with respect to sample size.

Industrial Upgrade, Employment Shock and Land Centralization in w88 online casino [PDF]
Authors: Song, S., Wang, C. and Zheng, J. Abstract: w88 online casino investigates the relationships among industrial upgrading, mid-aged peasants’ non-farm employment, and land conversion systems. We prove that China’s efforts to upgrade its industries generate a negative employment shock on mid-aged peasant workers, forcing some of them to return to their home villages. The current lump-sum land acquisition system, however, will neither help peasant workers deal with the adverse employment shock nor promote land centralization for industrial and urban uses. On contrary, land cooperation, an emerging land centralization system, will help peasant workers mitigate the adverse employment shock and centralize rural land for nonagricultural purposes.

Paradoxes of Traffic Flow and w88 online casino of Congestion Pricing [PDF]
Authors: Ding, C., Song, S. and Zhang, Y. Abstract: This paper utilizes a unique county-level dataset to examine technical efficiency and technology gap in China’s agriculture. We classify the counties into four regions with distinctive levels of w88 online casino development, and hence production technologies. A meta-frontier analysis is applied to the counties. We find that although the eastern counties have the highest efficiency scores with respect to the regional frontier but the northeastern region leads in terms of agricultural production technology nationwide. Meanwhile, the mean efficiency of the northeastern counties is particularly low, suggesting technology and knowledge diffusion within region might help to improve production efficiency and thus output.

Private Money as a Competing Medium of Exchange [PDF]
Authors: Pingle M. and Mukhopadhyay, S. Abstract: Using a relatively mild restriction on the beliefs of the MMEU−preference functional, in which the decision maker’s degree of ambiguity and degree of pessimism are each parameterized, we present a rather general theory of religious choice in the decision theory tradition, one that can resolve dilemmas, address the many Gods objection, and address the inherent ambiguity. Using comparative static analysis, we are able to show how changes in either the degree of ambiguity or the degree of pessimism can lead a decision maker to “convert” w88 online casino one religion to another. We illustrate the theory of religious choice using an example where the decision maker perceives three possible religious alternatives.

Religion and Faith: A w88 online casino Theory Perspective [PDF]
Authors: Melkonyan, T. and Pingle, M. Abstract: We examine the implications of decision theory for religious choice and evangelism, under the assumption that people choose their religion. The application of decision theory leads us to a broad definition of religion and a particular definition of faith, each related to the uncertainty associated with what happens to a person after death. We examine two extremes: total ambiguity and no ambiguity. For total ambiguity, we show there is “designer religion,” which is a religion that will capture all decision makers applying any one w88 online casino standard decision criteria. For no ambiguity, we characterize when a decision maker will find new religious information more valuable and we characterize a “miracle” in a specific way.

Studying w88 online casino Growth: An Avenue for Enhancing Student Empirical Skills [PDF]
Authors: Pingle M. and Sipic, T. Abstract: The study of w88 online casino growth provides an opportunity for students to exercise their empirical skills, reinforcing the tool building that occurs in statistics and math courses. Descriptive analysis allows lower level students to develop their ability to work with data as they examine how fast the economy has grown, ascertain the regularity versus irregularity of this growth, test whether the U.S. economy is slowing down, and perform simple extrapolation forecasts. Explanatory analysis allows higher level students in macro and econometric courses to see how theory and empirics can complement each other, and see why econometric issues matter, as they seek estimates for parameters consistent with the theory. The activities presented here may be of interest to those seeking to enhance the teaching of analytical skills “across the curriculum.”

2008 Research

An Agent-Based w88 online casino of Behavior in “Beauty Contest” Games [PDF]
Authors: Nichols, M.W. and Radzicki, M.J. Abstract: Recently, computer simulation, particularly agent-based modeling, has grown in popularity as a method to uncover macro patterns and developments that emerge w88 online casino simple micro behavior. The present paper combines both techniques by using protocol analysis to uncover player strategies in an experiment and encoding those strategies in an agent-based computer simulation. In particular, Keynes’ (1936) beauty contest analogy is simulated in a number-guessing context. Several researchers have conducted experiments asking subjects to play “p-beauty contest games” in order to compare the experimental results with those predicted by the game-theoretic, deductive reasoning concept of iterated dominance. Our results are compared with those found experimentally in order to demonstrate the usefulness of a combining agent-based modeling with protocol analysis.

Further Analysis w88 online casino Zipf's Law: Does the Rank-Size Rule Really Exist? [PDF]
Authors: Fungisai Nota and Shunfeng Song Abstract: The widely-used Zipf’s law has two striking regularities. One is its excellent fit; the other is its close-to-one exponent. When the exponent equals to one, the Zipf’s law collapses into the rank-size rule. This paper further analyzes the Zipf exponent. By changing the sample size, the truncation point, and the mix of cities in the sample, we found that the exponent is close to one only for some selected sub-samples. Small samples of large cities alone provide higher value of the exponent whereas small cities introduce high variance and lower the value of the exponent. Using the values of estimated exponent from the rolling sample method, we obtained an elasticity of the exponent with respect to sample size. We concluded that the rank-size rule is not an w88 online casino regularity but a statistical phenomenon.

Gambling Policy in the European Union: Monopolies, Market Access, w88 online casino Rents, and Competitive Pressures among Gaming Sectors in the Member States [PDF]
Authors: Eadington, W.R. Abstract: This study examines the conflicts within the European Union regarding protected status accorded to legal commercial gaming industries and the principles of harmonization that direct EU w88 online casino policy. Member States are permitted to constrain competition for gambling services as long as the primary purpose is to protect citizens from unintended negative consequences associated with the activities. Also, because of monopoly status, high tax rates, or government ownership, many EU gaming industries have become major contributors to government coffers or for funding for “good causes.” Legal challenges by private companies trying to participate in these protected markets have led to decisions by the European Court of Justice that have questioned such protected status. A number of key w88 online casino metrics for European gaming industries are presented, and competitive dimensions of EU casino industries are examined in comparisons to trends elsewhere.

w88 online casino Trade on Productivity of Skilled and Unskilled Intensive Industries: A Cross-Country Investigation [PDF]
Authors: Abizadeh, S., Pandey, M. and Tosun, M Abstract: w88 online casino examines the effect of trade openness on the productivity of skilled labor intensive and unskilled labor intensive industries in the group of 20 OECD countries. Using panel data and fixed effects approach, we find that skilled workers’ relative gains in productivity exceed those of their unskilled counterpart. Given this differential impact of trade openness on the relative productivity of the skilled and unskilled intensive industries, our findings lend support to the conclusions of past studies that skilled labor is likely to be more pro trade than unskilled labor.

Intercept and Recall: Examining Avidity Carryover in On-Site Collected Travel w88 online casino [PDF]
Authors: Moeltner, K. and Shonkweiler, J.S. Abstract: This study examines the proper estimation of trip demand and w88 online casino benefits for visitors to recreation sites when past-season trip information is elicited from travelers intercepted on-site. We show that the proper weighting of past season counts is different from the standard on-site correction appropriate for current-season counts. We find that for our sample of lake visitors relatively stronger preference or “avidity” for the interview site carries over across seasons. We further show that using the correct weighting of past trip counts is critical in deriving meaningful estimates of travel demand and w88 online casino benefits. A doubly-truncated count data framework to process such data. We compare this framework to past approaches based on ordered outcomes and truncated continuous densities using Bayesian estimation and model selection techniques. We find that all three frameworks (i) support the presence of unobserved heterogeneity in individual decision-making, and (ii) agree on the ranking of regulatory treatment effects. The count data framework exhibits superior efficiency and produces more informative predictive distributions for outcomes of interest. The continuous framework fails to allocate adequate probability mass to boundary outcomes, which are often of pivotal importance in these games.

Meta-Functional Benefit Transfer for Wetland Valuation: Making the Most of Small Samples [PDF]
Authors: Moeltner, K. and Woodward, R. Abstract: This study applies functional Benefit Transfer via Meta-Regression Modeling to derive valuation estimates for wetlands in an actual policy setting of proposed groundwater transfers in Eastern Nevada. We illustrate how Bayesian estimation techniques can be used to overcome small sample problems notoriously present in Meta-functional Benefit Transfer. The highlights of our methodology are (i) The hierarchical modeling of heteroskedasticity, (ii) The ability to incorporate additional information via refined priors, and (ii) The derivation of measures of model performance with the corresponding option of model-averaged Benefit Transfer predictions. Our results indicate that w88 online casino losses associated with the disappearance of these wetlands can be substantial and that primary valuation studies are warranted.

Meta-Regression and Benefit Transfer: Data Space, Model Space, and the Quest for ‘Optimal Scope&w88 online casino; [PDF]
Authors: Moeltner, K and Rosenberger, R.S. Abstract: Meta-functional Benefit Transfer, while conceptually attractive, is often plagued by the paucity of available source studies and related small sample problems. A broadening of scope of the Meta-Regression Model by adding data w88 online casino “related, yet different” contexts or activities may circumvent these issues, but may not necessarily enhance the efficiency of transfer functions if the different contexts do not share policy-relevant parameters. We illustrate how different combinations of contexts can be interpreted as ‘data spaces’ which can then be explored for the most promising transfer function using Bayesian Model Search techniques. Our results indicate that for some scope-augmented data spaces model-averaged benefit predictions can be more efficient than those flowing w88 online casino the baseline context and data.

Patience Versus Decisiveness in w88 online casino-Making [PDF]
Authors: W.B. MacLeod and M. Pingle. Abstract: We examine the willingness to search among alternatives. We find fixed individual differences in w88 online casino temperament measure. People may be usefully typed according to how they obtain improved choices. More patient subjects obtain improvement by effectively using decision resources, performing better when the decision is more complex. More decisive subjects obtain improvement by conserving valuable decision resources, performing better when the decision problem is simple. We find that a bonus incentive frame encourages patience, while a penalty frame encourages decisiveness. These results suggest an organization can enhance its performance by matching individual temperaments and incentive frames to decision tasks at hand.

Population Aging, Elderly Migration and Education Spending: Intergenerational Conflict Revisited [PDF]
Authors: Tosun, M., Williamson, C. and Yakovlev, P. Abstract: Elderly have been increasingly targeted as a group to enhance w88 online casino development and the tax base in communities. A major factor in their rise in importance is the rapid increase in the number of retired elderly through aging of the U.S. population. While recent literature on elderly migration tends to focus on how elderly migration patterns are influenced by state fiscal variables, the reverse effect from elderly population on fiscal variables is very plausible as shown to be the case for estate, inheritance, and gift taxes by Conway and Rork (2006). In this paper, we reexamine the intergenerational conflict in education financing raised by Poterba (1997) using U.S. state and county level data that allows to analyze how preferences for education might vary across different elderly age groups, which has not been explored before. Moreover, this paper uses a variety of advanced econometric techniques to estimate the impact of elderly population and elderly migration on education spending. Our state and county regression results broadly support the presence of intergenerational conflict in education financing. We also find dramatic age heterogeneity in preferences for education spending among elderly migrants.

Processing Data w88 online casino Social Dilemma Experiments: A Bayesian Comparison of Parametric Estimators [PDF]
Authors: Moeltner, K., Murphy, J.J., Stranlund, J.K. and Velez, M.A. Abstract: Observed choices in Social Dilemma Games usually take the form of bounded integers. We propose a doubly-truncated count data framework to process such data. We compare w88 online casino framework to past approaches based on ordered outcomes and truncated continuous densities using Bayesian estimation and model selection techniques. We find that all three frameworks (i) support the presence of unobserved heterogeneity in individual decision-making, and (ii) agree on the ranking of regulatory treatment effects. The count data framework exhibits superior efficiency and produces more informative predictive distributions for outcomes of interest. The continuous framework fails to allocate adequate probability mass to boundary outcomes, which are often of pivotal importance in these games.

Property Tax in Urban w88 online casino [PDF]
Authors: Li, D. and Song, S. Abstract: w88 online casino examines the urban housing sector of China and proposes a property tax reform. Over the past decade, housing price in urban China has been increasing dramatically because of strong demand for self-use, investment and speculation. The booming housing market, however, has brought several challenges for further development, such as housing affordability, inequality, and possible housing bubble. One strategy is to reform the current property tax system. Specifically, w88 online casino proposes that China significantly reduces taxes in circulation but levies property tax during possession. Doing so will increase housing affordability because of lower transaction costs, reduce speculation because of higher cost of holding, stabilize fiscal system because of more sustainable tax revenues, and improve the efficiency and fairness of the property tax system because of the implementation of “ability-to-pay” and “who use who pay” principles.

The Effect of Federal Government Size on Long-Term w88 online casino Growth in the United States, 1792-2004 [PDF]
Authors: Guerrero, F. and Parker, E. Abstract: In this paper, we consider whether there is statistical evidence for a causal relationship between federal government expenditures and growth in real per-capita GDP in the United States, using available data going back to 1792. After studying the time-series properties of these variables for stationarity and cointegration, we investigate Granger causality in detail in the context of a Vector Error Correction Model. While we find causal evidence supporting Wagner’s Law, we find no evidence supporting the common assertion that a larger government sector leads to slower w88 online casino growth.

The Income Elasticity of w88 online casino Revenues: Short-Run and Long-Run Estimates [PDF]
Authors: Nichols, M.W. and Tosun, M.S. Abstract: In this paper we examine how casino gambling revenues differ from other major tax revenues in growth and variability. We estimate the long-run and short-run income elasticities using state-level casino revenue and state, regional and national income. Our empirical analysis includes eleven states that have significant casino gambling. To estimate income elasticities, we run separate time-series regressions for each of these states, controlling for supply-side industry effects. Our findings show that Nevada’s casino revenue base growth is more sensitive to national than state income, while such growth is more tied to state and regional income in riverboat states. Casino revenue base growth is generally faster than taxable sales, but slower than taxable income. Short-run (immediate) elasticity is, on average, lower than estimates for sales and income taxes, with an equal or more rapid adjustment to long-run equilibrium. These estimates also reveal greater variability when regional or national income changes are taken into consideration. This suggests that states that depend heavily on out-of-state visitors in their gambling operations may be more susceptible to changes in regional or national w88 online casino activity.

Urban Poor in w88 online casino: A Case Study of Changsha [PDF]
Authors: Zhu, E. and Song, S. Abstract: Since the late 1970s, many state-owned enterprise employees have been laid off and more and more rural people have migrated to urban areas. In this massive laying-off and migration process, many laid-off workers and migrants have become urban poor. Using data collected from a survey on 1641 relatively low-income households in Changsha in January 2007, w88 online casino compares migrant workers with their city counterpart regarding income, employment, education, and social support. Based on qualitative and regression analysis, we found that worker’s age, Hukou status, education, enterprise ownership, and contract length are significantly affecting the annual income. There exists a big gap in the coverage of social security between urban and migrant workers. w88 online casino provides some policy recommendations.

VIP-room Contractual System of Macau&w88 online casino;s Traditional Casino Industry [PDF]
Authors: Wang, W. and Eadington, W. Abstract: This study provides a systematic analysis of the VIP-room contractual system of Macau’s traditional casino industry. It examines the system’s historical background, its organizational structure, its operational mechanisms, and its role in Macau’s casino industry. This analysis examines the evolving and likely future changes in the VIP-room sector—as well as the mass market sector—caused by the liberalization of Macau’s gaming laws in 2001 and the Free Individual Travelers Scheme, introduced by the Chinese government in 2003. This study develops a framework to explain how the two sectors’ market shares are determined by examining the w88 online casino and cultural forces at work. The existing structure of the VIP-room contractual system in Macau’s casino industry will not likely continue in its traditional way, and will be replaced by newly evolving systems consistent with the new competitive realities. However, the VIP business will likely continue in one form or another.

A ‘Second-Best’ Rationale to Deflationary Monetary w88 online casino in Japan [PDF]
Authors: Cargill, T. and Guerrero F. Abstract: The Bank of Japan permitted a ten-year period of deflation (1995-2005) which appears to have ended in 2006. The deflation, as well as the preceding disinflation, adversely affected the financial and real sectors of the economy that in turn, made it difficult to recover from the collapse of asset prices in 1990 and 1991. Various ad hoc explanations have been offered to account for the deflation period. w88 online casino offers a second-best explanation based on a two-player policy game between the Bank of Japan and the banking system in which the banking system relies on an accommodative policy of forgiveness and forbearance by the Ministry of Finance to deal with weak balance sheets. The paper does not explicitly model the Ministry of Finance preference function but incorporates the Bank of Japan’s perceived willingness of the Ministry to accommodate the banking system in the Bank’s reaction function. The model suggests that in the context of established deflationary expectations and large amounts of debt, the Bank of Japan explicitly regarded the level of debt as exceeding the socially optimal level, that Ministry of Finance forgiveness and forbearance contributed to this excess, and lacking an instrument to reverse deflationary expectations, the Bank of Japan employed deflation as a disciplining instrument to limit real debt.

A Reassessment of the Problems with Interest Targeting: What Have We Learned w88 online casino Japanese Monetary Policy? [PDF]
Authors: Cargill, T. and Guerrero F. Abstract: Interest rate targeting is widely used by central banks to pursue price stability; however, the variation in inflation policy outcomes between central banks such as the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan despite a common policy instrument framework suggests interest- targeting has limitations. Despite the variation in policy outcomes, the role of targeting was enhanced with the advent of Taylor rules in the 1990s and interest rate targeting dominates central bank attitudes to the exclusion of any other policy instrument framework. The recent Japanese experience confronts us with the need to reassess the relative merits of interest targeting. w88 online casino frames the discussion of the various problems of the interest-targeting framework within a model that encompasses a number of important previous results and stresses that interest rate targeting may leave the price level indeterminate in various plausible circumstances. In a low, or even zero interest rate environment, such as the one that characterized Japan, Taylor-type rules may offer no solution to the indeterminacy problem. The paper then discusses various aspects of the BoJ’s decision to adhere to interest rate targeting despite its limitations.

Do Casinos Export Bankruptcy? [PDF]
Authors: Garrett, T. and Nichols, M. Abstract: w88 online casino measures the extent to which destination resort casinos export bankruptcy back to visitors’ home states. Previous literature has alluded to this possibility, but to date studies have only examined the influence of local casinos on local bankruptcy. Using various survey data, we calculate the number of visits from each state to casino resort destinations in Nevada, New Jersey, and Mississippi. We find strong evidence that states having more residents who visit out-of-state casino resorts have higher bankruptcy filings. This effect is dominant in the south, suggesting that casinos located in wealthier regions are less likely to export bankruptcy.

Does Medical Diagnosis w88 online casino Clarify the Relation Between Prenatal Care and Delivery Outcomes [PDF]
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. and Wendel J. Abstract: Studies indicating that prenatal care has minimal impact sparked additional work to assess whether w88 online casino is a correct conclusion or a statistical artifact. Recent work highlights the importance of including medical diagnoses as regression variables, developing inclusive measures for health outcomes, and using provider-generated measures of prenatal care utilization. We explore these issues using administrative data provided by a tertiary care hospital and a prenatal care clinic. w88 online casino data includes provider-generated utilization data, coded medical diagnoses, and variable direct costs for delivery-episode hospital care. Because all patients in w88 online casino dataset obtained care from one set of providers in one urban area, the data set also minimizes heterogeneity due to variations in provider practice patterns and community services. We find that prenatal care exerts a significant beneficial impact on infant outcomes, and variable direct cost provides an inclusive outcomes measure when appropriate exogenous control variables are available. Estimated per-visit cost savings range from zero for patients with no diagnoses, to for patients with one diagnosis, and for patients with multiple diagnoses. The differences among these per-visit savings are significant, suggesting suboptimal allocation of clinic resources. Prenatal care utilization does not, however, increase with the number of diagnoses.

Does the Party in Power Matter for w88 online casino Performance? [PDF]
Authors: Parker, E. Abstract: In this brief paper, I consider whether five common political beliefs have any basis in fact. Does the economy grow faster when Republicans are in charge? Does the size of the government actually keep expanding? If so, is this growth correlated with Democrats being in charge? Does bigger government lead to slower growth? Finally, is it accurate to characterize Democrats as the “tax and spend” party? While correlation is not causation and theoretical relationships are complex, the data on U.S. w88 online casino performance during the postwar period does not appear to support any of these beliefs, and in fact tends more to support the alternative hypotheses.

Early-Stage Globalization and Corporate Debt Maturity: The Case of South Korea, 1980-94 [PDF]
Authors: Guerrero, F. Abstract: Using data from publicly traded South Korean corporations for the period 1980-94, w88 online casino finds evidence that increases in financial liberalization that accompanied the more general process of financial globalization have significantly reduced the maturity structure of corporate debt contracts, thus lending partial empirical support to the idea that financial liberalization can be well described as “short-term pain, long-term gain”. This effect of financial liberalization on corporate debt maturity is robust to changes in econometric specification, and does not seem to be counteracted by opposing forces that tended to lengthen the maturity of corporate debt during the same period.

Efficiency and Technology Gap in China's Agriculture: A Regional META-Frontier w88 online casino [PDF]
Authors: Chen, Z. and Song, S. Abstract: This paper utilizes a unique county-level dataset to examine technical efficiency and technology gap in China’s agriculture. We classify the counties into four regions with distinctive levels of w88 online casino development, and hence production technologies. A meta-frontier analysis is applied to the counties. We find that although the eastern counties have the highest efficiency scores with respect to the regional frontier but the northeastern region leads in terms of agricultural production technology nationwide. Meanwhile, the mean efficiency of the northeastern counties is particularly low, suggesting technology and knowledge diffusion within region might help to improve production efficiency and thus output.

Explaining the Variation in Tax Structures w88 online casino MENA Region [PDF]
Authors: Tosun, M. Abstract: w88 online casino examines the tax structures of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries by focusing on the quality of governance and demographic changes as two influential factors in region’s economies. The objective of is to determine whether these factors can explain the variation in the tax structures of these countries. Results from regressions on the MENA countries and the ones based on a larger sample of 61 countries show that these factors affected the level of taxation, measured by the tax ratio, more strongly than they affected the tax composition. While the quality of governance seems to have affected the tax structures in the MENA countries more than in other comparable Non-OECD countries, demographics seems to have played a bigger role in determining the tax structures in other Non-OECD countries. However, neither of these factors explained changes in the income tax share satisfactorily. One key result is that the increase in the quality of governance has decreased the reliance on domestic taxes on goods and services. The paper provides a discussion on the policy implications of these results.

Externalities w88 online casino International Labor Migration: Efficacy of a Brain Drain Tax in the Euro-Mediterranean Region [PDF]
Authors: Tosun, M. Abstract: w88 online casino uses a two-region, two-period overlapping generations model with international labor mobility to examine the efficacy of using tax policy to internalize the externalities created by international labor migration. While a brain drain tax has a substantial limiting effect on labor migration and a small negative effect on per worker growth, it is found to be a viable solution to the negative externality problem. It is also found that the brain-drain tax can raise substantial tax revenue for the SMCs which could be used to enhance human capital in the region.

Fiscal Centralization and Decentralization in Russia and w88 online casino [PDF]
Authors: Parker, E. and Thornton, J. Abstract: In w88 online casino we review the fiscal evolution of China and Russia, asking how the process of creating a separate, tax-financed public sector in the two countries differed. We observe that the size of China's budget sector was consistently smaller than in Russia and that budget decentralization was consistently greater. We see both pros and cons in China's decentralization. Local governments that were allowed to keep marginal increases in local tax revenue had incentives to pursue growth-supporting policies, including support for foreign investment and export-oriented production. However, in the absence of financial markets, there were barriers to investment outside the local region, resulting in inefficient use of capital and protectionism. Fiscal deficits and rapid expansion of credit have threatened stability in both countries, but China has proved more successful than Russia in managing macroeconomic policies. Finally, we argue that Russia's status as a petro-state makes management of the public sector particularly difficult. In Russia, recentralization has been associated with expansion of state ownership of enterprises and production by territorial governments, state ministries, state banks, and the natural monopolies.

Local Decentralization and w88 online casino Growth: Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Regions [PDF]
Authors: Hammond, G. and Tosun, M. Abstract: This paper extends the recent empirical literature on the relationship between local decentralization and growth using data from both metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions in the U.S. The analysis utilizes both metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions, and thus avoids the possible selection bias present in previous research. The results for non-metropolitan regions indicate a relatively weak or negative relationship between the local decentralization measures and local w88 online casino growth compared to a positive relationship suggested by a recent study on metropolitan regions. Results for the non-metro regions also suggest that there are different impacts across population and income than we observe for metropolitan regions.

Long-Term Inflation Outcomes after Hyperinflation: Theory and w88 online casino [PDF]
Authors: Guerrero, F. Abstract: w88 online casino does two things. First, it shows both anecdotal and cross-country evidence that indicates that countries that have experienced hyperinflation display significantly lower long-term rates of inflation than countries that lack the same experience. Secondly, it presents a model to rationalize the main empirical finding. There is more than one mechanism through which the long-term effects of hyperinflation may have an impact on long-term inflation outcomes. The suggested explanation w88 online casino offers is that hyperinflations act by reducing the social costs of increasing the collection of conventional, distortionary taxes relative to the collection of the inflation tax.

Managing a 401(k) Account: An Experiment on Asset Allocation [PDF]
Authors: Sundali, J. and Guerrero, F. Abstract: The study reports the results of an asset allocation experiment in which subjects managed an endowment of money over a 20 "year" time period. While grounded in theory, the study takes an applied look at the ability of subjects to efficiently and effectively make asset allocation decisions similar to those found in 401(k) accounts. The main conclusions are as follows. First, efficient portfolios are more easily created when the set of assets to choose from is carefully constructed. Thus, financial engineers should be given the responsibility for choosing the assets available to plan participants and ensuring that combinations of these assets will fall on the efficient frontier. If followed, w88 online casino advice would likely significantly reduce the amount of individual company stock offered in Defined Contribution (DC) plans in place of well-constructed low cost index funds from multiple asset classes. Second, if the assets selected for inclusion in DC plans allow the investor to easily create portfolios on the efficient frontier, then the challenge for the investor is not how to get onto the frontier but where to locate on it. The simplistic surveys that are commonly used by DC plan providers to determine risk tolerance and to recommend asset allocations are woefully inadequate for w88 online casino task. More sophisticated and theoretically driven instruments must be created to educate investors on the risks and the benefits available at different points along the efficient frontier.

Mobility w88 online casino Chinese Urban Poor - A Case Study of Hefei City [PDF]
Authors: Peng, Z., Zhu, Y. and Song, S. Abstract: In a rapid w88 online casino development environment with rising income, escalating motorization, and growing urbanization, it is natural for government policies to focus on solving congestion related problems caused by the increased car ownership and usage. The mobility needs of the urban poor have been traditionally neglected in policy and in practice, particularly in developing countries. This paper addresses the mobility challenges the urban poor are facing based on a household travel survey in the City of Hefei in China. It first presents travel behaviors, transportation costs and commuting problems of the urban poor. It then discusses the urban transportation policy implications and examines the prevailing trends of urban transportation policies and plans in Chinese cities. Policy recommendations are suggested to improve the mobility needs of the urban poor.

Teaching Convergence: A Contribution [PDF]
Authors: Guerrero, F. Abstract: The issue of convergence has been hotly debated since the mid 1980s. Only recently certain consensus has arisen around some of the most fundamental issues. It seems hardly surprising, then, to find a large variation in how those issues are taught to undergraduates. w88 online casino is an attempt at clarifying the different concepts of convergence, and their relation to both the neoclassical model of growth and available cross-country evidence. Evidence on some of the contradictory ways in which the issues are taught is provided, a simple way to teach the relevant concepts of convergence by means of numerical examples is presented, and relevant examples drawn from historical evidence are shown. Also, the implications of the neoclassical growth model are presented in a slightly different, but clearer way, and some of the difficulties to interpret the cross-country empirical evidence are reviewed.

Tenders with Different w88 online casino Preferences in Construction Industry [PDF]
Authors: Tang, F., Zong, W. and Song, S. Abstract: Underlying the fact that different tenderers have different preferences on risk-taking, w88 online casino study investigates the different tenderers' behaviors in one-shot construction bid auctions. Our model extends the preconditions of previous assumption that all tenderers are characterized by neutral risk-taking in the original tendering model for lowest-price sealed tender. A general tendering model for the lowest-price sealed tender is established to explain the behavior of tenderers during the tendering. The results indicate that construction estimate is affected by the degree of uncertainties in the construction industry. Therefore, in a lowest-price sealed tender, risk-averse tenders would tender a higher price and conversely risk-seeking tenderers would tender a lower price when risk-neutral tenderers would tender a middle price. However, the risk-seeking tenderers are more likely to win the bid.

The Impact of Institutional Characteristics on the Use and Effectiveness of Rainy Day Funds: A Pilot w88 online casino of Municipal Governments in West Virginia [PDF]
Authors: Daugherty M., Stalebrink, O. and Tosun, M. Abstract: w88 online casino research focuses on enhancing the understanding of the use of “rainy day funds” to deal with municipal fiscal shortfalls. It is a pilot study, examining the largest 15 cities in West Virginia. Analysis of data from state reports and interviews with finance directors are used to determine whether, how, and to the degree the cities studied use various reserve fund mechanisms. While almost every city was found to have fiscal reserves, there was great variation in the methods used and amounts in how it was done – some cities followed predictable patterns found elsewhere while others did not.

Selected Publications

Publications for *current faculty, retired faculty, and students.
[With journal rankings w88 online casino Australian Business Dean’s Council]

Cargill & *Pingle (2019). Federal Reserve w88 online casino and housing: a goal too far, w88 online casino Analysis and Policy, 62, 150-158.[B]
Dai, Liu, & *Song (2019). Gains or pains? Effects of US-China trade on US employment: based on a WIOT analysis w88 online casino 2000 to 2014, Emerging Markets w88 online casino and Trade, forthcoming.[B]
Dwenger, *Fossen, & Simmler (2019). Firms' financial and real responses to credit supply shocks: evidence w88 online casino firm-bank relationships in Germany, w88 online casino Financial Intermediation, forthcoming.[A*]
Fairlie & *Fossen (2019). Defining opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship: two components of business creation, Research in Labor w88 online casino, forthcoming.
Flanigan (2019). Artists and markets, in Entrepreneurship, w88 online casino Development and Public Policy in Search of Synergies, 33-46, edited by *w88 online casino, Pietrasieński, *w88 online casino, Wachowiak, & Wojtysiak-Kotlarski (Warsaw School of w88 online casino Press, Poland).
*Fossen & Sorgner (2019). Mapping the future of occupations: transformative and destructive effects of new digital technologies on jobs, Foresight and STI Governance, 13 (2), 10-18.
*Fossen & Sorgner (2019). Digitalization of work and entry into entrepreneurship, w88 online casino Business Research, forthcoming.[A]
Gao, *Song, Sun, & Zang (2019). Does high-speed rail really promote local economy? Evidence w88 online casino China’s Yangtze River delta region, Review of Development w88 online casino, forthcoming.[B]
Gibbons, Greenman, Norlander & *Sørensen (2019). Monopsony power and guest worker programs, Antitrust Bulletin, 64 (4), 540-565.[B]
Hardegree, Sheley, Brunson, *w88 online casino, & Moffet (2019). Iterative-adaptive w88 online casino and contingency-based restoration planning in variable environment, Rangeland Ecology & w88 online casino, 72 (2), 217-224.
*Harris & Grumstrup (2019). Use of social accounting matrix model for non-traditional export-base w88 online casino for Humboldt County, in Entrepreneurship, w88 online casino Development and Public Policy in Search of Synergies, 47-60, edited by Parker, Pietrasieński, Tosun, Wachowiak, & Wojtysiak-Kotlarski (Warsaw School of w88 online casino Press, Poland).
Havranek & *Sokolova (2019). Do consumers really follow a rule of thumb? Three thousand estimates w88 online casino 144 studies say ‘probably not’, Review of w88 online casino Dynamics, forthcoming.[A*]
Hernández Castañeda & *Sørensen (2019). Changing sex-ratios among immigrant communities w88 online casino USA, Journal of w88 online casino, Race and Policy, 2 (1), 20-42.
*Lacy, Sørensen, & Gibbons (2019). Government cheese: a case w88 online casino of price supports, Applied w88 online casino Teaching Resources, forthcoming.
*w88 online casino (2019). Legal status and immigrants' educational investment decisions, Review of w88 online casino of the Household, 17 (1), 1-29.[A]
*w88 online casino, Wendel, & Edberg (2019). Incentive design to boost health for adolescents with Medicaid coverage: evidence w88 online casino a field experiment, w88 online casino and Human Biology, 33, 101-115.[A]
*w88 online casino, Wendel, & Zou (2019). Impacts of shifting responsibility for high-cost individuals on health insurance exchange plan premiums and cost-sharing provisions, Journal of Health w88 online casino, 66, 180-194.[A*]
Nanda & *w88 online casino (2019). Localization of industry in Nevada: a location quotient w88 online casino, in Entrepreneurship, w88 online casino Development and Public Policy in Search of Synergies, 109-116, edited by Parker, Pietrasieński, Tosun, Wachowiak, & Wojtysiak-Kotlarski (Warsaw School of w88 online casino Press, Poland).
*w88 online casino (2019). Tariffs and trade deficits w88 online casino United States, in Entrepreneurship, w88 online casino Development and Public Policy in Search of Synergies, 117-132, edited by Parker, Pietrasieński, Tosun, Wachowiak, & Wojtysiak-Kotlarski (Warsaw School of w88 online casino Press, Poland).
*Parker & Ridinger (2019). Understanding the payday lending market, in Entrepreneurship, w88 online casino Development and Public Policy in Search of Synergies, 133-146, edited by Parker, Pietrasieński, Tosun, Wachowiak, & Wojtysiak-Kotlarski (Warsaw School of w88 online casino Press, Poland).
Poghosyan & *w88 online casino (2019). Assessing activist fiscal w88 online casino in advanced and emerging market economies using real-time data, Oxford w88 online casino Papers, 71 (1), 225–249.[A]
*Pram (2019). Weak implementation, w88 online casino Theory, forthcoming.[A*]
*Pram (2019). w88 online casino equivalence of robustness to general and canonical elaborations, Journal of w88 online casino Theory, forthcoming.[A*]
*Song, Sun, Wang, & Zou (2019). Commuting subsidy and burden: evidence w88 online casino Tianjin, China, Case Studies on Transport w88 online casino, 7 (3), 574-582.[C]
*w88 online casino, Christman, & Rollins (2019). Targeting policy to promote defensible space in the wildland-urban interface: evidence w88 online casino homeowners in Nevada, Land w88 online casino, 95 (4), 531-556.[A]
Zhu, Lou, & *Song (2019). Openness, technology spillovers, and resource misallocation: evidence w88 online casino China, The Chinese w88 online casino, forthcoming.[B]

Cargill (2018). The Financial System, Financial Regulation, and Central Bank w88 online casino, (Cambridge University Press).
Dobra, Dobra, & Ouedraogo (2018). Does mineral development provide a basis for sustainable w88 online casino development?, Resources w88 online casino, 58, 71-76.[B]
Eiswerth, Lawley, & *w88 online casino (2018). w88 online casino of invasive species, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, edited by Shugart (Oxford University Press).
*Fossen & Martin (2018). Entrepreneurial dynamics over space and time, Regional Science and Urban w88 online casino, 70, 204-214.[A]
*Fossen & Steiner (2018). The w88 online casino-rate elasticity of local business profits, German w88 online casino Review, 19 (2), 162-189.[B]
Garrett & *Nichols (2018). The behavior of w88 online casino revenue considering alternative measures of 'income', Contemporary w88 online casino Policy, 37 (2), 274-296.[B]
Lee, Loveridge, & Winkler (2018). The influence of an extreme warm spell on w88 online casino support for government involvement in climate change adaptation, Annals w88 online casino American Association of Geographers, 108 (3), 718-738.
Neumeier, *Sørensen, & Webber (2018). The implicit costs of motherhood over the lifecycle: cross-cohort evidence w88 online casino administrative longitudinal data, Southern w88 online casino Journal, 84 (3), 716-733.[A]
Norlander & *Sørensen (2018). 21st century slowdown: the historic nature of recent declines in the growth w88 online casino immigrant population in the United States, Migration Letters, 15 (3), 409-422.
Ouedraogo, *w88 online casino, & *Yang (2018). Fertility and population w88 online casino, Public Sector w88 online casino, 42 (1), 21-43.
Papadovasilaki, *Guerrero, & Sundali (2018). The effect of early and salient investment experiences on subsequent asset allocation decisions, w88 online casino Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 19, 1-19.[A]
*w88 online casino (2018). The Comparative w88 online casino of Global Growth and Inequality, (Great River Learning, Dubuque, IA).
*Pingle (2018). Values: how do they contribute to w88 online casino success, w88 online casino Organizational Psychology, 18 (1), 130-136.
*Pingle & Mahmoudi (2018). Bounded rationality, ambiguity, and choice, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental w88 online casino, 75, 141-153.[A]
Safford, Sundali, & *Guerrero (2018). Does experiencing a crash make all the difference: an experiment w88 online casino depression babies hypothesis, SAGE Open - w88 online casino, 8 (2), 1-16.
*w88 online casino, Rollins, & Lott (2018). Exploring the behavioral and welfare implications of social-comparison messages in residential water and electricity, w88 online casino Letters, 168, 65-69.[A]
*Uz (2018). Energy w88 online casino investments in small and medium sized manufacturing firms: the case of California energy crisis, Energy w88 online casino, 70 (C), 421-428.[A*]
Yakovlev, *w88 online casino, & Lewis (2018). The w88 online casino consequences of legislative term limits, Journal of Regional Analysis and w88 online casino, 48 (3), 1-19.
*Yang & Vogelsang (2018). Finite w88 online casino performance of a long run variance estimator based on exactly (almost) unbiased autocovariance estimators, w88 online casino Letters, 165, 21-27.[A]

Depew, Norlander, & *Sørensen (2017). Inter-firm mobility and return migration patterns of skilled guest workers, Journal of Population w88 online casino, 30 (2), 681-721.[A]
Fang, Li, & *Song (2017). China’s urban development policies and city growth: an w88 online casino based on the Gibrat Law, International Review of w88 online casino and Finance, 52, 322-329.[A]
Fang, Li, & *Song (2017). China’s development policies and city size distribution: an w88 online casino based on Zipf’s law, w88 online casino Studies, 54 (12), 2818–2834.[A*]
*Fossen & Glocker (2017). Stated and revealed heterogeneous w88 online casino preferences in educational choice, European w88 online casino Review, 97, 1-25.[A*]
*Fossen & König (2017). w88 online casino health insurance, individual health, and entry into self-employment, Small Business w88 online casino, 49 (3),647-669.[A]
*Fossen, Mergele, & Pardo (2017). Fueling w88 online casino interactions: commodity price shocks and local government spending in Colombia, International Tax and w88 online casino Finance, 24 (4), 616-651.[B]
*Harris (2017). Incorporating risk in w88 online casino of tax policies for solar power investments, International Journal of Energy w88 online casino and Policy, 7 (6), 112-118.[C]
*Harris, *w88 online casino, & Wiseman (2017). An application of difference-in-difference-in-difference model: effects of prevailing wage legislation in mountain states w88 online casino U.S., Public Works Management and w88 online casino, 22 (2), 165-178.
Havranek, Rusnak, & *Sokolova (2017). Habit formation in consumption: a meta-w88 online casino, European w88 online casino Review, 95, 142-167.[A*]
Kim, Sun, & *Yang (2017). A fixed-bandwidth view w88 online casino pre-asymptotic inference for kernel smoothing with time series data, w88 online casino Econometrics, 197 (2), 298-322.[A*]
Lee, Loveridge, & Joshi (2017). Local acceptance and heterogeneous externalities of biorefineries, Energy w88 online casino, 67, 328-336.[A*]
Lee, Miller, & Loveridge (2017). Modelling local food w88 online casino and the greenhouse gas emission due to transportation, The Journal of Regional Analysis and w88 online casino, 47 (1), 75-87.
Melkonyan, Banks, & Wendel (2017). Industrial w88 online casino to develop a multi-firm industry, w88 online casino Industry, Competition and Trade, 17 (3), 283-303.[C]
*w88 online casino & Grossbard (2017). Marriage markets as explanation for why heavier people work more hours, IZA Journal of Labor w88 online casino, 6 (9), 1-30.[A]
Nejadmalayeri, Faircloth, Wendel, & Chelikani (2017). GASB mandatory disclosure rules and municipal bond yield spreads, Review of Quantitative w88 online casino and Accounting, 49 (2), 379-405.[B]
*Nichols & *w88 online casino (2017). w88 online casino legalized casino gambling on crime, Regional Science and Urban w88 online casino, 66, 434-80.[A]
*w88 online casino (2017). Small states in a time of big crises: Nevada, Ireland, w88 online casino Basque Autonomous Community during the Great Recession, in A Comparative View w88 online casino Resilience of Public Finances and Self-Government in the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Nevada, edited by Irujo and Agirreazkuenaga (Center for Basque Studies' Conference Series, Reno).
*w88 online casino (2017). Nevada w88 online casino Great Recession: A Small State in a Big Crisis, (University of w88 online casino Press).
*Sørensen (2017). Do firms' wage-setting powers increase during recessions?, IZA World of Labor, 355.
*Uz, Wendel, & *Harris (2017). Net metering in Nevada: a case w88 online casino, in Distributed Generation: International Experiences and Comparative Analyses, ch. 6, 103-120, edited by Castro & Dantas (Publit Soluções Editoriais, Rio de Janeiro).
Wendel, Serratt, & O'Donohue (2017). Understanding Healthcare w88 online casino: Managing Your Career in an Evolving Healthcare System, (Productivity Press), 2nd Edition.
Wuthisatian, *Guerrero, & Sundali (2017). Gain attraction w88 online casino presence of social interactions, Review of Behavioral w88 online casino, 9 (2), 105-127.[B]
Wuthisatian, *Pingle, & *Nichols (2017). To support trust and trustworthiness: punish, communicate, both neither?, Journal of Behavioral w88 online casino for Policy, 1 (1), 61-68.
*Yang (2017). Consistency of trend break point estimator with underspecified break number, Econometrics, 5 (1), 1-19.[B]

Davis, Geisler, & *Nichols (2016). The price elasticity of marijuana demand, Empirical w88 online casino, 50 (4), 1171-1192.[A]
Deng, *Song, & Chen (2016). Private participation in infrastructure project and its impact w88 online casino project cost, China w88 online casino Review, 39, 63-76.[A]
*Fossen & Simmler (2016). Personal taxation of capital income w88 online casino financial leverage of firms, International Tax and w88 online casino Finance, 23 (1), 48-81.[B]
Geisler & *Nichols (2016). Riverboat w88 online casino impacts on employment and income in host and surrounding communities, The Annals of w88 online casino Science, 56 (1), 101-123.[B]
*Lacy & Huffman (2016). Consumer demand for potato products and willingness-to-pay for low-acrylamide, sulfite-free fresh potatoes and dices: evidence w88 online casino lab auctions, Journal of Agricultural and Resource w88 online casino, 41 (1), 21.[A]
Li & *Song (2016). What pushed up China&w88 online casino;s urban housing price so high?, The Chinese w88 online casino, 49 (2), 128-141.[B]
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Ouedraogo, *w88 online casino, & Yilmaz (2016). Cyclicality of w88 online casino investment in Africa, International Journal of Public w88 online casino, 12 (3-6), 378-405.
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Tosh, *w88 online casino, Sengupta, Kamhoua, & Kwiat (2016). Game theoretic modeling to enforce security information sharing among firms, Proceedings w88 online casino 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing, 7-12 (IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC).
*w88 online casino & Yilmaz (2016). Public investment and fiscal sustainability in the West African w88 online casino and Monetary Union (WAEMU): lessons for European and Middle Eastern and North African countries, Handbook of Research on w88 online casino Finance in Europe and the MENA Region, ch. 5, 100-115 (IGI Global, Hershey, PA).
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Borck, *Fossen, Freier, & Martin (2015). Race to the debt trap? Spatial econometric w88 online casino on debt in German municipalities, Regional Science and Urban w88 online casino, 53, 20-37.[A]
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Caliendo, *Fossen, & Kritikos (2014). Personality characteristics w88 online casino decisions to become and stay self-employed, Small Business w88 online casino, 42 (4), 787-814.[A]
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*Harris, Deller, & Goetz (2014). Linkages w88 online casino agricultural sector models and precautions, in Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 148-155, edited by Van Alfen (Elsevier Press).
Hendrickson, *Nichols, & Fairchild (2014). Bank branch location and stability during distress, Journal of Financial w88 online casino Policy, 6 (2), 133-151.[B]
Kobayashi, Rollins, & *w88 online casino (2014). Optimal livestock w88 online casino on sagebrush rangeland with ecological thresholds, wildfire, and invasive plants, Land w88 online casino, 90 (4), 623-648.[A]
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*Pingle (2014). Ethics in simple games, in Handbook of Behavioural w88 online casino and Smart Decision-Making: Rational Decision-Making within the Bounds of Reason, ch. 32, 557-572, edited by Altman (Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, United Kingdom).
Pippin & *w88 online casino (2014). Electronic tax filing w88 online casino United States: an analysis of possible success factors, Electronic w88 online casino e-Government, 12 (1), 22-38.
Richardson, Herbst, *Harris, & Helmar (2014). w88 online casino analysis of management options following a range fire in Elko County, Nevada, Western w88 online casino Forum, 12 (2), 1-7.[C]
*Sokolova (2014). Are inflation expectations in Russia forward-looking?, International Journal of Computational w88 online casino and Econometrics, 4 (1/2), 254 -268.[C]
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Weltz, Spaeth, *w88 online casino, Rollins, et al. (2014). Cheatgrass invasion and woody species encroachment w88 online casino Great Basin: benefit of conservation, w88 online casino Soil and Water Conservation, 69 (2), 39A-44A.
Xu, Zeng, *Song, & Lone (2014). Willingness to pay for red wines in w88 online casino, w88 online casino Wine Research, 25 (4), 265-280.
Zheng, Wang, & *Song (2014). Pay satisfaction of employees: a case study w88 online casino a Chinese state-owned science institute, Social Indicators Research, 119 (3), 1219-1231.[A]

Cargill & O'Driscoll (2013). Federal Reserve independence: reality or myth, Cato Journal, 33 (3), 417-435.
Depew & *Sørensen (2013). The elasticity of labor supply w88 online casino firm over the business cycle, Labour w88 online casino, 24 (C), 196-204.[A]
Dobra & Dobra (2013). w88 online casino mineral production taxes and mining law reform, Resources w88 online casino, 38 (2), 162-168.[B]
Durham, Roelofs, *Sørensen, & Standifird (2013). A laboratory w88 online casino of auctions with buy price, w88 online casino Inquiry, 51 (2), 1357-1373.[A]
*Fossen & Büttner (2013). The returns to education for opportunity entrepreneurs, necessity entrepreneurs, and paid employees, w88 online casino of Education Review, 37, 66-84.[A]
*Fossen & Rostam-Afschar (2013). Precautionary and entrepreneurial savings: new evidence w88 online casino German households, Oxford Bulletin of w88 online casino and Statistics, 75 (4), 528-555.[A]
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James, Sheley, Erickson, Rollins, *w88 online casino, et al. (2013). A systems approach to restoring degraded drylands, w88 online casino Applied Ecology, 50 (3), 730-739.
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*w88 online casino & Wendel (2013). Evaluating an employee wellness program, International Journal of Health Care Finance and w88 online casino, 13 (4), 177-199.[B]
*Nichols & *w88 online casino (2013). The elasticity of w88 online casino, in Oxford Handbook of Gambling w88 online casino, ch. 3, 37-54, edited by Vaughan Williams & Siegel (Oxford University Press, New York, NY).
*Pingle (2013). Kidnap insurance and its w88 online casino on kidnapping outcomes, w88 online casino Choice, 160 (3), 481-499.[A]
Schiller & *w88 online casino (2013). Long-term trends in relative earnings mobility, Social Science Quarterly, 94 (4), 881-893.[B]
*w88 online casino, Rollins, Kobayashi, & Tausch (2013). The w88 online casino of fuel management: wildfire, invasive plants, and the evolution of sagebrush rangelands in the western United States, w88 online casino Environmental Management, 126, 157-173.[A]
*w88 online casino (2013). Aging and its w88 online casino on municipal credit, Municipal w88 online casino Journal, 33 (3), 33-55.
Zheng, Li, *Song, & Yu (2013). Central government’s infrastructure investment across Chinese regions: a spatial panel w88 online casino, China w88 online casino Review, 27 (3), 264-276.[A]

Caliendo, *Fossen, & Kritikos (2012). Trust, positive reciprocity, and negative reciprocity: do these traits w88 online casino entrepreneurial dynamics?, Journal of w88 online casino Psychology, 33 (2), 394-409.[A]
Cargill (2012). A critical assessment of measures of central bank independence, w88 online casino Inquiry, 51 (1), 260-272.[A]
Cargill (2012). Beyond our means: why America spends while the world saves, Pacific Affairs, 85 (4), 793-794.[B]
Copeland, Edberg, Panorska, & Wendel (2012). Applying business intelligence concepts to medicaid claim fraud detection, w88 online casino Information Systems Applied Research, 5 (1), 51-60.
Ding & *Song (2012). Traffic paradoxes and w88 online casino solutions, w88 online casino Urban Management, 1 (1), 63-76.
Evans, Rollins, & Christman (2012). The frying pan or the fire: public attitudes about w88 online casino herbicides to manage invasive weeds, Environmental w88 online casino, 3 (3), 108-121.
*Fossen (2012). Gender differences in entrepreneurial choice and risk aversion: a decomposition based on a microeconometric w88 online casino, Applied w88 online casino, 44 (14), 1795-1812.[A]
Gao, Liu, *Song, & Zheng (2012). Technology capacity, product position and firm’s competitiveness: an empirical w88 online casino, The Chinese w88 online casino, 46 (1), 55-74.[B]
Giertz & *w88 online casino (2012). Migration elasticities, fiscal federalism, w88 online casino ability of states to redistribute income, National w88 online casino Journal, 65 (4), 1069-1092.[A]
*Guerrero & *w88 online casino (2012). The effect of federal government size on long-term w88 online casino growth in the United States, 1791-2009, Modern w88 online casino, 3 (8), 949-957.
*Guerrero, Stone, & Sundali (2012). Fear in asset allocation during and after stock market crashes, Advances in Behavioral Finance & w88 online casino: The Journal of the Academy of Behavioral finance and w88 online casino, 2 (1), 50-81.
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Li & *Song (2012). Why is housing price so high in urban w88 online casino, Journal of China and Global w88 online casino, 1 (1), 39-42.
*w88 online casino (2012). The effects w88 online casino 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act on female labor supply, International w88 online casino Review, 53 (4), 1133-1153.[A*]
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*Nichols (2012). The impact of visiting team travel on game outcomes and betting markets w88 online casino NFL, Journal of Sports w88 online casino, 15 (1), 78-96.[B]
Nota & *Song (2012). Further analysis w88 online casino Zipf's Law: does the rank-size rule really exist?, w88 online casino Urban Management, 1 (2), 19-31.
*Pingle & Melkonyan (2012). To believe or not believe…or not decide: a w88 online casino-theoretic model of agnosticism, Rationality and Society, 24 (4), 408–441.[B]
Pippen & *w88 online casino (2012). Political economy of taxing services w88 online casino United States, w88 online casino Finance and Management, 12 (1), 1-23.[B]
Rollins & *w88 online casino (2012). The w88 online casino of EMIPM on Great Basin rangelands, Rangelands, 34 (6), 48-52.
*Song, Wang, & Zheng (2012). Industrial upgrade, employment shock and land centralization in w88 online casino, Contemporary w88 online casino Policy, 30 (4), 523-532.[B]
*Sørensen, Sarnikar, & Oaxaca (2012). Race and gender differences under federal sentencing guidelines, American w88 online casino Review, 102 (3), 256-260.[A*]
Sundali, Stone, & *Guerrero (2012). The effect of setting goals and emotions on asset allocation decisions, Managerial w88 online casino, 38 (11), 1008-1031.[B]
*w88 online casino & Rollins (2012). Using ecological models to coordinate valuation of ecological change on western rangelands for ex post application to w88 online casino analysis, Western w88 online casino Forum, 11 (1), 13-21.[C]
*w88 online casino, Williamson, & Yakovlev (2012). Population aging, elderly migration and education spending: intergenerational conflict revisited, w88 online casino Budgeting and Finance, 32 (2), 25-39.[C]
*Yang (2012). Break point estimators for a slope shift: levels versus first differences, The Econometrics Journal, 15 (1), 154-169.[A]
*Yang & Vogelsang (2012). Serial correlation robust LM type tests for a shift in trend, Advances in Econometrics, 30.
Zheng, Xu, Wang, & *Song (2012). Willingness to pay for traceable pork: evidence w88 online casino Beijing, China, China Agricultural w88 online casino Review, 4 (2), 200-215.[C]

Cargill (2011). The cleanest race: how North Koreans see themselves and why w88 online casino matters, Pacific Affairs, 84 (2), 371-373.[B]
Cargill & *w88 online casino (2011). w88 online casino reform and alternatives for North Korea, in The Survival of North Korea: Essays on Strategy, w88 online casino, and International Relations, ch. 6, pp. 99-115, edited by Kim, Roehrig, & Seliger (McFarland & Co.).
Curtis, Bishop, & *Harris (2011). w88 online casino feasibility of wine production in the arid U.S.: a northwest Nevada example, Journal of Wine w88 online casino, 5 (2), 256-269.[C]
Dong, *Song, & Zhu (2011). Industrial structure and w88 online casino fluctuation: evidence from China, Social Science Journal, 48, 468-477.[C]
*Fossen (2011). The private equity premium puzzle revisited: new w88 online casino on the role of heterogeneous risk attitudes, Economica, 78 (312), 656-675.[A]
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*Guerrero & *w88 online casino (2011). The effect of government purchases on w88 online casino growth in Japan, in Asia and China w88 online casino Global Economy, ch. 13, 381-407, edited by Cheung & Ma (World Scientific Publishing Co., Pte. Ltd.).
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*w88 online casino, *Song, & Zhu (2011). Employment and earnings of low income residents in urban w88 online casino: the role of social safety net, The Chinese w88 online casino, 44 (1), 6-17.[B]
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Bravo, *w88 online casino, & Todd (2010). How school vouchers affect educational, earnings and employment outcomes: evidence w88 online casino Chile, Quantitative w88 online casino, 1 (1), 50.[A*]
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w88 online casino Research & Working Papers

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2016

2015

2014

2013

2011

2010

2009

2008

2008 Research

2008 Research

2007

2006

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2015

2014

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2011

2010