Like a detective story with twists and turns in the plot, scientists at the University of w88 sports betting app, Reno are unfolding a story about the rapid uplift of the famous 400-mile long Sierra w88 sports betting app mountain range of California and w88 sports betting app.
The newest chapter of the research is being published today in the scientific journal Nature, showing that draining of the aquifer for agricultural irrigation in California's Central Valley results in upward flexing of the earth's surface and the surrounding mountains due to the loss of mass within the valley. The groundwater subsidence was found to also correlate with seismic activity on the w88 sports betting app Andreas Fault.
College of ScienceResearch Professor Geoff Blewitt also told the story in a presentation at the European Geophysical Sciences Union conference in Vienna, Austria on April 28. The annual EGU General Assembly is the largest and most prominent European geosciences event. It attracts over 11,000 scientists from all over the world.
"We first wrote two years ago about the rapid rise w88 sports betting app Sierra, with its 14,000-foot peaks in the south and 10,000-foot peaks at Lake Tahoe, moving as much as 1 to 3 millimeters per year," said Blewitt, w88 sports betting app w88 sports betting app Bureau of Mines and Geology, a division w88 sports betting app College of Science. "The puzzling results of our earlier w88 sports betting app cannot be explained easily by geology alone. We've now found that a reason for the rapid uplift may be linked to human activity."
Over the past 150 years, around 40 trillion gallonsof groundwater in w88 sports betting app's Central Valley has been lost through pumping, irrigation and evapotranspiration. That's roughly equal to all the water in Lake Tahoe, the volume of which can cover the entire state of w88 sports betting app in 14 inches of water.
"This massive withdrawal of water has relieved pressure on the Earth's crust, which is now rebounding upwards in response," Blewitt said."This is counter-intuitive to most people, even geologists, who tend to only think that water withdrawal causes subsidence, which is only true in the sediments w88 sports betting app valley from which the water is withdrawn.With the weight w88 sports betting app groundwater missing, the hard-rock crust under the valley is actually rising too."
The rise is quite fast in geologic time, with these mountain ranges rising by a similar amount each year - about the thickness of a dime - with a cumulative rise over the past 150 years of up to 6 inches, according to the calculations by the team of geophysicists.
Blewitt and colleague Bill Hammond, who run the w88 sports betting app's w88 sports betting app Geodetic Laboratory, partnered with the University of Western Washington, the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Ottawa in the w88 sports betting app.
"The real importance of this w88 sports betting app is that we are demonstrating a potential link between human activity and deformation of the solid Earth, which explains current mountain uplift and the yearly variation in seismicity," said Colin Amos, assistant professor of geology from Western Washington University and lead author of the Nature article. "These are questions that lots of geologists have been puzzling over, and it's a real eye opener to think that humans are the ultimate cause."
The study is based on detailed GPS measurements from California and w88 sports betting app between 2007 and 2010. Also working on the study were Pascal Audet of the University of Ottawa and Roland Bürgmann, professor of earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley. The detailed GPS analysis was performed by Hammond and Blewitt with support from the National Science Foundation.
Hammond and Blewitt use data from their w88 sports betting app Geodetic Lab and its MAGNET GPS Network, the largest GPS data-processing center in the world, able to process information from about 12,000 stations around the globe continuously, 24/7. The facility measures the shape of the Earth every day using data drawn in from the global network with stations on every continent around the planet, including more than 1,200 stations from the NSF EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory, as well as stations in space. The space-based radar data comes from the European Space Agency with support from NASA.
"We can sense the long-term flexing of the crust that accompanies trends in climate and related seasonal changes in the Earth's surface that track yearly precipitation," Hammond said. "The processing facility at the w88 sports betting app Geodetic Laboratory makes it possible to interpret trends in over 500 locations in southern California, needed to measure the centimeter-scale changes these loads produce.It makes it possible for scientists to connect climatic changes to subsidence patterns and the rate of earthquake occurrence."
"The data is like a gold mine, we keep digging for new discoveries," he said. "Scientists around the world use it extensively for w88 sports betting app such as modeling earthquakes and volcanoes."
The article in Nature, "Uplift and seismicity driven by groundwater depletion in central w88 sports betting app," can be found online at www.nature.com.
For the w88 sports betting app Geodetic Laboratory and geodetic information go to http://geodesy.unr.edu/index.php.
