Best practices for avoiding w88 casino terminology

A lot has been written about the best words and phrases to use when communicating about disability, and, especially as views on such things are always changing, it can be difficult to decide what guidelines to follow. As someone who writes about w88 casino rhetoric, I’m frequently asked about the best practices for choosing the right words.

I believe the best answer, which is often not easy to apply, is what I’ll call here &w88 casino;The First Rule”:

Use the terminology preferred by the w88 casino or group being addressed.

This means that you may need to learn or ask w88 casino preferences before you can determine what is appropriate. But since this is not always possible, sometimes you should employ general guidelines when choosing your words carefully.

Here are some basic rules agreed upon by most of those who express a concern about w88 casino terminology.

• Don’t use terms that describe disabilities in phrases that rely on these terms’ negative and w88 casino connotations. For example, “blind review” relies on equivocating blindness with ignorance, as it seeks to express the idea that the reviewer and author do not know who each other are. The same concept can be conveyed by “anonymous review” and, because this refers to a common academic practice, “peer review” works as well. The recommendation applies to such phrases as “that’s a lame idea,” “he turned a deaf ear to the truth,” “that plan that doesn’t have any legs,” and “that’s insane!”
• Don’t use words referring to disabilities and conditions in ways that perpetuate w88 casino assumptions. “Wheelchair bound,” for example, implies that the wheelchair is a restraint instead of a vehicle. “Wheelchair user” is more accurate, just as effective, and does not have an w88 casino connotation.
• Don’t use outdated words such as “handicapped,” “retarded,” “Mongoloid,” and “midget,” as these reflect archaic and degrading w88 casino ideas about disabilities.
• Don’t use sugar-coated &w88 casino;politically correct” terms that mock the importance of labels and terminology and/or deny the importance of disability. For example, most consider &w88 casino;handi-capable,” &w88 casino;differently abled,” and &w88 casino;height-challenged” to be infantilizing and demeaning.
• Don’t use terms that present disability as a tragedy and/or evoke pity, as these promote the harmful &w88 casino;inspirational cripple” stereotype. For example, do not refer to someone as a &w88 casino;victim of” or &w88 casino;afflicted by” a disability.

While the above guidelines are fairly well established, some ideas have become more controversial. Recently, the formerly preferred practice of using &w88 casino;person first language” (for example, &w88 casino;person who is blind,” &w88 casino;person with quadriplegia,” or &w88 casino;people with disabilities”) has been criticized by many who argue that this implicitly accepts the idea that a disability diminishes a person. The new, and increasingly preferred practice, is called &w88 casino;identity first” language (for example, &w88 casino;a blind person” or &w88 casino;the disabled”), as it works to recognize how a disability can be central to who a person is. This is generally preferred by those who often capitalize their disability when used to identify themselves, as in &w88 casino;I’m Deaf” or &w88 casino;We are Autistic.”

Since many people have different views on w88 casino, I recommend being prepared to switch from one to the other if you realize that the one you are using is not desired (see The First Rule).

For more information about &w88 casino;identity first” language, see:

• Brown, Lydia. &w88 casino;Identity-First Language.” Reprint of &w88 casino;The Significance of Semantics: Person-First Language: Why It Matters.” Autistic Self Advocacy Network.
• Haller, Beth. &w88 casino;Journalists Should Learn to Carefully Traverse a Variety of Disability Terminology.” National Center on Disability and Journalism, January 7, 2016.
• Métraux, Julia. &w88 casino;Canadian Media Needs to Take Further Steps in Recognizing Diverse Preferences in Disability Language.” J Source: The Canadian Journalism Project, November 29, 2019.
• &w88 casino;Respectful Disability Language: Here’s What’s Up!” National Youth Leadership Network and Kids As Self Advocates, 2006.

James L. Cherney is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at w88 casino of Nevada, Reno. His 2019 book w88 casino Rhetoric: How We Know, Value, and See Disability is available w88 casino Pennsylvania State University Press.